政府工作报告

Report on the Work of the Government

——2017年3月5日在第十二届全国人民代表大会第五次会议上

Delivered at the Fifth Session of the 12th NationalPeople’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China on March 5, 2017

国务院总理 李克强

Li Keqiang, Premier of the State Council

各位代表：

Esteemed Deputies,

现在，我代表国务院，向大会报告政府工作，请予审议，并请全国政协各位委员提出意见。

On behalf of the State Council, I will nowreport to you on the work of the government and ask for your deliberation andapproval. I also wish to have comments on my report from the members of theNational Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC).

一、2016年工作回顾

Let me begin with a review of our work in2016.

过去一年，我国发展面临国内外诸多矛盾叠加、风险隐患交汇的严峻挑战。在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，全国各族人民迎难而上，砥砺前行，推动经济社会持续健康发展。党的十八届六中全会正式明确习近平总书记的核心地位，体现了党和人民的根本利益，对保证党和国家兴旺发达、长治久安，具有十分重大而深远的意义。各地区、各部门不断增强政治意识、大局意识、核心意识、看齐意识，推动全面建成小康社会取得新的重要进展，全面深化改革迈出重大步伐，全面依法治国深入实施，全面从严治党纵深推进，全年经济社会发展主要目标任务圆满完成，“十三五”实现了良好开局。

In the past year, China’s development hasfaced grave challenges posed by a great many problems and interwoven risks anddangers both at home and abroad. However, under the strong leadership of theCentral Committee of the Communist Party of China with Comrade Xi Jinping atits core, we the Chinese people have risen to the challenge and worked hard topress ahead, driving forward sustained, healthy economic and socialdevelopment.

At the Sixth Plenary Session of the 18thParty Central Committee, the core position of General Secretary Xi Jinping wasformally affirmed, which reflects the fundamental interests of the Party andthe Chinese people, and is of crucial and far-reaching significance forensuring the flourishing and long-term stability of the Party and the country.All regions and all government departments have steadily strengthened theirconsciousness of the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-pictureterms, uphold the leadership core, and keep in alignment. Pushing ahead withall-around efforts, we have achieved major progress in finishing building amoderately prosperous society in all respects, made important strides indeepening reform, continued to exercise law-based governance, and made furtherprogress in practicing strict Party self-governance; and we have accomplishedthe year’s main tasks and targets for economic and social development, and gotthe 13th Five-Year Plan off to a great start.

——经济运行缓中趋稳、稳中向好。国内生产总值达到74.4万亿元，增长6.7%，名列世界前茅，对全球经济增长的贡献率超过30%。居民消费价格上涨2%。工业企业利润由上年下降2.3%转为增长8.5%，单位国内生产总值能耗下降5%，经济发展的质量和效益明显提高。

The economy has registered a slower butstable performance with good momentum for growth.

GDP reached 74.4 trillion yuan,representing 6.7-percent growth, and seeing China outpace most other economies.China contributed more than 30 percent of global growth. The CPI rose by 2percent. With an 8.5-percent increase in profits, industrial enterprisesreversed the previous year’s negative growth of 2.3 percent. Energy consumptionper unit of GDP fell by 5 percent. Economic performance improved markedly inquality and returns.

——就业增长超出预期。全年城镇新增就业1314万人。高校毕业生就业创业人数再创新高。年末城镇登记失业率4.02%，为多年来最低。13亿多人口的发展中大国，就业比较充分，十分不易。

Employment growth exceeded projections.

A total of 13.14 million new urban jobswere added over the course of the year. The number of college graduates findingemployment or starting businesses reached another record high. The registeredurban unemployment rate stood at 4.02 percent at year-end 2016, the lowestlevel in years. For China, a large developing country with a population of over1.3 billion, attaining this level of employment is no easy task.

——改革开放深入推进。重要领域和关键环节改革取得突破性进展，供给侧结构性改革初见成效。对外开放推出新举措，“一带一路”建设进展快速，一批重大工程和国际产能合作项目落地。

Continued advances were made in reform andopening up.

Breakthroughs were made in reforms in majorsectors and key links, and initial success was achieved in supply-sidestructural reform. New measures were introduced for opening China up, rapidprogress was made in pursuing the Belt and Road Initiative, and a number ofmajor projects and industrial-capacity cooperation projects with othercountries were launched.

——经济结构加快调整。消费在经济增长中发挥主要拉动作用。服务业增加值占国内生产总值比重上升到51.6%。高技术产业、装备制造业较快增长。农业稳中调优，粮食再获丰收。

Economic structural adjustment was steppedup.

Consumption was the main driver of economicgrowth. The value created by the service sector rose to 51.6 percent of GDP.High-tech industries and equipment manufacturing grew rapidly. In agriculture,production was stable and structural adjustments were made, and we hadcontinued good grain harvests.

——发展新动能不断增强。创新驱动发展战略深入实施。科技领域取得一批国际领先的重大成果。新兴产业蓬勃兴起，传统产业加快转型升级。大众创业、万众创新广泛开展，全年新登记企业增长24.5%，平均每天新增1.5万户，加上个体工商户等，各类市场主体每天新增4.5万户。新动能正在撑起发展新天地。

New drivers of growth gained strength.

Further progress was made in pursuing theinnovation-driven development strategy, and a number of world-leadingachievements were made in science and technology. Emerging industries werethriving, and the transformation and upgrading of traditional industriesaccelerated. People were busy launching businesses or making innovations, witha 24.5-percent year-on-year increase in the number of new businessesregistered-an average of 15,000 new businesses daily.

With self-employed traders and other marketentities included we had an average of 45,000 new market entities launched perday. New growth drivers are opening new prospects for China’s development.

——基础设施支撑能力持续提升。新建高速铁路投产里程超过1900公里，新建改建高速公路6700多公里、农村公路29万公里。城市轨道交通、地下综合管廊建设加快。新开工重大水利工程21项。新增第四代移动通信用户3.4亿、光缆线路550多万公里。

Infrastructure became ever-better able tosustain development.

Over 1,900 kilometers of new high-speedrail lines came into service, and more than 6,700 kilometers of expressways and290,000 kilometers of rural roads were built or upgraded. Construction pickedup pace on urban rail transit facilities and underground utility tunnels.Construction began on 21 major water conservancy projects. The number of 4Gmobile communications subscribers grew by 340 million and over 5.5 millionkilometers of optical fiber cables were added.

——人民生活继续改善。全国居民人均可支配收入实际增长6.3%。农村贫困人口减少1240万，易地扶贫搬迁人口超过240万。棚户区住房改造600多万套，农村危房改造380多万户。国内旅游快速增长，出境旅游超过1.2亿人次，城乡居民生活水平有新的提高。

Living standards were improved.

Personal per capita disposable incomeincreased by 6.3 percent in real terms. The number of people living in povertyin rural areas was reduced by 12.4 million, including more than 2.4 millionpeople relocated from inhospitable areas. More than 6 million homes in rundownurban areas and over 3.8 million dilapidated rural houses were renovated. Intourism, domestic trips showed rapid growth, and overseas trips exceeded 120million. People in both urban and rural areas saw arise in living standards.

我国成功主办二十国集团领导人杭州峰会，推动取得一系列开创性、引领性、机制性重要成果，在全球经济治理中留下深刻的中国印记。

China successfully hosted the G20 2016Hangzhou Summit, and helped to deliver a number of important pioneering,leading, and institutional outcomes, thus doing its part for global economicgovernance.

回顾过去一年，走过的路很不寻常。我们面对的是世界经济和贸易增速7年来最低、国际金融市场波动加剧、地区和全球性挑战突发多发的外部环境，面对的是国内结构性问题突出、风险隐患显现、经济下行压力加大的多重困难，面对的是改革进入攻坚期、利益关系深刻调整、影响社会稳定因素增多的复杂局面。在这种情况下，经济能够稳住很不容易，出现诸多向好变化更为难得。这再次表明，中国人民有勇气、有智慧、有能力战胜任何艰难险阻，中国经济有潜力、有韧性、有优势，中国的发展前景一定会更好。

2016 was an unusual year in our country’sdevelopment. China was confronted with an external environment in which theworld saw the lowest economic and trade growth in seven years, growingvolatility in global financial markets, and sudden and frequent regional andglobal challenges. Domestically, China faced multiple difficulties: majorstructural problems, prominent risks and dangers, and mounting downwardpressure on the economy. China found itself in a complex environment as reformentered a critical stage, profound changes took place affecting interests, andfactors impacting social stability grew.

Given all these factors, it was not easyfor us to maintain stable economic performance. And yet we succeeded, and evenmanaged to make progress on many fronts. Once again, this shows that we theChinese people have the courage, ingenuity, and ability to overcome anydifficulty or hardship. It also shows that the Chinese economy possessespotential, resilience, and strengths, so we can be sure there is even betterdevelopment ahead for China.

一年来，我们主要做了以下工作。

I will now move on to discuss our main worklast year:

一是继续创新和加强宏观调控，经济运行保持在合理区间。去年宏观调控面临多难抉择，我们坚持不搞“大水漫灌”式强刺激，而是依靠改革创新来稳增长、调结构、防风险，在区间调控基础上，加强定向调控、相机调控。积极的财政政策力度加大，增加的财政赤字主要用于减税降费。全面推开营改增试点，全年降低企业税负5700多亿元，所有行业实现税负只减不增。制定实施中央与地方增值税收入划分过渡方案，确保地方既有财力不变。扩大地方政府存量债务置换规模，降低利息负担约4000亿元。稳健的货币政策灵活适度，广义货币M2增长11.3%，低于13%左右的预期目标。综合运用多种货币政策工具，支持实体经济发展。实施促进消费升级措施。出台鼓励民间投资等政策，投资出现企稳态势。分类调控房地产市场。加强金融风险防控，人民币汇率形成机制进一步完善，保持了在合理均衡水平上的基本稳定，维护了国家经济金融安全。

First, we continued to develop new and moreeffective ways of carrying out regulation at the macro level, thus keeping theeconomy performing within an appropriate range.

Last year, we faced difficult choices inconducting macro-level regulation, but we stood firm in not adopting strongstimulus policies that would have had an economy-wide impact, and strivedinstead to maintain steady growth, adjust the structure, and guard againstrisks through reform and innovation. We strengthened targeted and well-timedregulation on the basis of range-based regulation.

More proactive fiscal policy was pursued,and the increase in the fiscal deficit was used mainly to cover tax and feecuts. The trial replacement of business tax with value added tax (VAT) wasextended to cover all sectors, slashing the tax burden of businesses for theyear by over 570 billion yuan and reducing tax burdens in every sector. Atransitional plan for sharing VAT revenue between the central and localgovernments was formulated and implemented to ensure financial resources oflocal governments remained unchanged. More local government bonds were issuedto replace outstanding debts, reducing interest payments by roughly 400 billionyuan.

A prudent monetary policy was pursued in aflexible and appropriate manner. The M2 money supply increased by 11.3 percent,below our projected target of around 13 percent. We used a range of monetarypolicy tools to support the development of the real economy.

Measures were taken to upgrade consumption.We unveiled policies to encourage private investment, and saw investment beginto stabilize. We exercised category-based regulation over the real estatemarket. We strengthened efforts to manage financial risks. The RMB exchangerate regime continued to improve, and the exchange rate remained generallystable at an adaptive and equilibrium level. With these measures, we havesafeguarded China’s economic and financial security.

二是着力抓好“三去一降一补”，供给结构有所改善。以钢铁、煤炭行业为重点去产能，全年退出钢铁产能超过6500万吨、煤炭产能超过2.9亿吨，超额完成年度目标任务，分流职工得到较好安置。支持农民工在城镇购房，提高棚改货币化安置比例，房地产去库存取得积极成效。推动企业兼并重组，发展直接融资，实施市场化法治化债转股，工业企业资产负债率有所下降。着眼促进企业降成本，出台减税降费、降低“五险一金”缴费比例、下调用电价格等举措。加大补短板力度，办了一批当前急需又利长远的大事。

Second, we focused on five priority tasks –cutting overcapacity, reducing excess inventory, deleveraging, lowering costs,and strengthening areas of weakness – thereby improving the composition ofsupply.

Particular priority was given to cuttingovercapacity in the steel and coal sectors. Over the year, steel productioncapacity was cut by more than 65 million metric tons and coal by over 290million metric tons, going beyond annual targets. Effective assistance wasprovided to laid-off employees.

We supported migrant workers in buyingurban homes; and we increased the proportion of people affected by rebuildingin rundown urban areas receiving monetary compensation, making good progress inreducing real estate inventory.

Business acquisitions and reorganizationswere encouraged, direct financing was promoted, and market- and law-baseddebt-to-equity swaps were carried out, lowering the debt-to-asset ratio ofindustrial enterprises.

To help enterprises lower operating costs,we introduced measures to cut taxes and fees, lower the share paid byenterprises for social security contributions,1 and cut the price ofelectricity.

We boosted efforts to strengthen areas ofweakness and undertook major initiatives that both help to meet urgent needstoday and promise long-term benefits.

三是大力深化改革开放，发展活力进一步增强。全面深化改革，推出一批标志性、支柱性改革举措。围绕处理好政府和市场关系这一经济体制改革的核心问题，持续推进简政放权、放管结合、优化服务改革。在提前完成本届政府减少行政审批事项三分之一目标的基础上，去年又取消165项国务院部门及其指定地方实施的审批事项，清理规范192项审批中介服务事项、220项职业资格许可认定事项。深化商事制度改革。全面推行“双随机、一公开”，增强事中事后监管的有效性，推进“互联网+政务服务”。推动国有企业调整重组和混合所有制改革。建立公平竞争审查制度。深化资源税改革。完善农村土地“三权分置”办法，建立贫困退出机制。推进科技管理体制改革，扩大高校和科研院所自主权，出台以增加知识价值为导向的分配政策。放开养老服务市场。扩大公立医院综合改革试点，深化药品医疗器械审评审批制度改革。制定自然资源统一确权登记办法，开展省以下环保机构监测监察执法垂直管理、耕地轮作休耕改革等试点，全面推行河长制，健全生态保护补偿机制。改革为经济社会发展增添了新动力。

Third, we worked hard to deepen reform and openingup, further strengthening the vitality of development.

Reform was deepened across the board, and agood number of landmark and pillar reform initiatives were undertaken.

To balance the government-marketrelationship – the pivotal issue in economic structural reform – we continuedreforms to streamline administration, delegate powers, and improve regulationand services. My administration’s goal of cutting the number of items requiringgovernment review by a third had been achieved ahead of schedule. On thatbasis, last year we cancelled the requirement on a further 165 items for reviewby State Council departments and authorized local governments. We alsooverhauled and standardized 192 items of intermediary services for governmentreview as well as 220 items of approvals and accreditations for professionalqualifications. We deepened institutional reforms in the business sector. Weintroduced an oversight model of random inspection and public release acrossthe board,2 made operational and post-operational oversight more effective, andpromoted the Internet Plus government services model.

We pushed ahead with reforms to restructureand reorganize state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and introduce into them mixedownership structures. We established a review system to ensure faircompetition. We deepened resource tax reforms.

We improved measures for separating ruralland ownership rights, contract rights, and management rights, and establisheda mechanism for determining whether people have been lifted out of poverty. Wemade progress in reforming the science and technology management system, gavegreater autonomy to colleges and research institutes, and adopted profitdistribution policies oriented toward increasing the value of knowledge. Weopened up the elderly services market. We expanded the trials of comprehensivereforms in public hospitals and deepened reform of the evaluation and approvalsystems for medicine and medical equipment.

We formulated unified measures to determineand register natural resource rights. We piloted reforms for conducting directoversight by provincial-level environmental protection agencies over theenvironmental monitoring and inspection work of environmental protectionagencies below the provincial level, as well as crop rotation and fallow landreforms. The river chief system was introduced for all lakes and rivers acrossthe country, and the mechanisms for compensating for ecological conservationefforts were improved. Reform has given new impetus to economic and socialdevelopment.

积极扩大对外开放。推进“一带一路”建设，与沿线国家加强战略对接、务实合作。人民币正式纳入国际货币基金组织特别提款权货币篮子。“深港通”开启。完善促进外贸发展措施，新设12个跨境电子商务综合试验区，进出口逐步回稳。推广上海等自贸试验区改革创新成果，新设7个自贸试验区。除少数实行准入特别管理措施领域外，外资企业设立及变更一律由审批改为备案管理。实际使用外资1300多亿美元，继续位居发展中国家首位。

We opened China wider to the rest of theworld. As we pushed ahead with the Belt and Road Initiative, we worked toincrease complementarity between the development strategies of, and practicalcooperation between, China and other countries along the routes.

The RMB was formally included in the IMF’sSpecial Drawing Rights basket. The Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect waslaunched. We improved measures for promoting trade, and built 12 new integratedexperimental zones for cross-border e-commerce, bringing about a steadyrecovery in the volume of import and export.

The new practices of pilot free trade zonesin Shanghai and elsewhere were used to establish another seven pilot zones. Therequirement for review and approval for setting up and making significantadjustments to foreign enterprises was replaced by a simple filing process,with the exception of a few areas where special market access requirementsapply. In 2016, China utilized more than US$130 billion of overseas investment,continuing to rank first among developing countries.

四是强化创新引领，新动能快速成长。深入推进“互联网+”行动和国家大数据战略，全面实施《中国制造2025》，落实和完善“双创”政策措施。部署启动面向2030年的科技创新重大项目，支持北京、上海建设具有全球影响力的科技创新中心，新设6个国家自主创新示范区。全社会研发经费支出与国内生产总值之比达到2.08%。国内有效发明专利拥有量突破100万件，技术交易额超过1万亿元。科技进步贡献率上升到56.2%，创新对发展的支撑作用明显增强。

Fourth, we strengthened innovation’sleading role, spurring the rapid development of new growth drivers.

We took further steps to implement theInternet Plus action plan and the national big data strategy, fully implementedthe Made in China 2025 initiative, and implemented and improved policies andmeasures to encourage people to launch businesses and innovate. We developedand launched a plan for completing major science and technology programs by2030, supported Beijing and Shanghai in building themselves into global R&Dcenters, and established another six national innovation demonstration zones.

China’s R&D spending reached 2.08 percentof GDP. The number of in-force Chinese patents issued in China passed themillion mark, and the value of technology transactions exceeded one trillionyuan. The contribution of scientific and technological progress to economicgrowth rose to 56.2 percent, and innovation’s role in powering development grewmarkedly.

五是促进区域城乡协调发展，新的增长极增长带加快形成。深入实施“一带一路”建设、京津冀协同发展、长江经济带发展三大战略，启动建设一批重点项目。编制西部大开发“十三五”规划，实施新一轮东北振兴战略，推动中部地区崛起，支持东部地区率先发展。加快推进新型城镇化，深化户籍制度改革，全面推行居住证制度，又有1600万人进城落户。发展的协同叠加效应不断显现。

Fifth, we promoted more balanceddevelopment between regions and between rural and urban areas, and saw fasteremergence of new growth poles and growth belts.

We stepped up work to implement the threestrategic initiatives (the Belt and Road, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei integration,and the Yangtze Economic Belt), and began construction on a number of keyprojects. We formulated the plan for the 13th Five-Year Plan period forlarge-scale development in the western region, launched a new round ofinitiatives as part of the Northeast revitalization strategy, drove progress inthe rise of the central region, and supported the eastern region in leading therest of the country in pursuing development. We sped up efforts to promote newtypes of urbanization, deepened reform of the household registration system,introduced the residence card system nationwide, and granted urban residency toanother 16 million people from rural areas. The synergy building throughcoordinated development became more and more evident.

六是加强生态文明建设，绿色发展取得新进展。制定实施生态文明建设目标评价考核办法，建设国家生态文明试验区。强化大气污染治理，二氧化硫、氮氧化物排放量分别下降5.6%和4%，74个重点城市细颗粒物（PM2.5）年均浓度下降9.1%。优化能源结构，清洁能源消费比重提高1.7个百分点，煤炭消费比重下降2个百分点。推进水污染防治，出台土壤污染防治行动计划。开展中央环境保护督察，严肃查处一批环境违法案件，推动了环保工作深入开展。

Sixth, we strengthened ecologicalconservation and made fresh progress in pursuing green development.

We formulated and introduced measures forassessing progress made in ecological improvement, and established nationalpilot zones for ecological conservation. We took stronger measures against airpollution and, as a result, saw a 5.6-percent decline in sulfur dioxideemissions, a 4-percent cut in nitrogen oxide emissions, and a 9.1-percent dropin the annual average density of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in 74 keycities. We continued to improve the energy mix, increasing the share of cleanenergy consumption by 1.7 percentage points and cutting the share of coalconsumption by 2 percentage points.

We continued efforts to prevent and controlwater pollution, and adopted an action plan for preventing and controlling soilpollution. Central government inspections on environmental protectionaccountability were launched and violations of environmental protection lawswere investigated and prosecuted, giving impetus to deeper efforts to protectthe environment.

七是注重保障和改善民生，人民群众获得感增强。在财政收支压力加大情况下，民生投入继续增加。出台新的就业创业政策，扎实做好重点人群、重点地区就业工作。全面推进脱贫攻坚，全国财政专项扶贫资金投入超过1000亿元。提高低保、优抚、退休人员基本养老金等标准，为1700多万困难和重度残疾人发放生活或护理补贴。财政性教育经费支出占国内生产总值比例继续超过4%。重点高校招收贫困地区农村学生人数增长21.3%。免除农村贫困家庭学生普通高中学杂费。全年资助各类我司家庭困难学生8400多万人次。整合城乡居民基本医保制度，提高财政补助标准。增加基本公共卫生服务经费。实现大病保险全覆盖，符合规定的省内异地就医住院费用可直接结算。加强基层公共文化服务。实施全民健身计划，体育健儿在里约奥运会、残奥会上再创佳绩。去年部分地区特别是长江流域发生严重洪涝等灾害，通过及时有力开展抢险救灾，紧急转移安置900多万人次，最大限度降低了灾害损失，恢复重建有序进行。

Seventh, we gave particular attention toensuring and improving living standards, helping Chinese people gain a strongersense of benefit.

Despite growing pressure from fiscalimbalance, we continued to increase inputs in areas related to livingstandards. We launched new policies on employment and business startups, andcarried out solid work on increasing employment for key target groups andpriority regions. We made all-around progress in key battles to eradicatepoverty and earmarked over 100 billion yuan from government budgets for povertyrelief. We increased subsistence allowances, benefits for entitled groups,basic pension payments, and other subsidies; and over 17 million peoplebenefited through the provision of cost-of-living allowances for people withdisabilities in financial difficulty and nursing care subsidies for people withsevere disabilities.

Fiscal spending on education continued tobe over 4 percent of GDP. The number of students from poor rural areas enrolledin key universities grew by 21.3 percent. We waived tuition and miscellaneousfees for students from poor rural families at regular senior high schools. Overthe course of the year, more than 84 million grants were given to students frompoor families studying in all types of schools.

The basic health insurance systems forrural and nonworking urban residents were merged and government subsidies forthe system were increased. More funding was provided for basic public healthservices. Full coverage of the serious disease insurance scheme was achieved,and healthcare costs meeting relevant provisions can now be settled on the spotwhen incurred anywhere within the provincial-level administrative area whereinsurance is registered.

We increased public cultural services atthe community level. The Fitness for All initiative was launched, and Chineseathletes gave an excellent performance at the Olympic Games and ParalympicGames in Rio de Janeiro.

Last year, parts of the country, especiallythe Yangtze basin, were hit by severe flooding and other disasters. We actedquickly to provide effective rescue and relief, swiftly relocated over 9million people, minimized damage and loss, and made systematic progress withrecovery and reconstruction efforts.

八是推进政府建设和治理创新，社会保持和谐稳定。国务院提请全国人大常委会审议法律议案13件，制定修订行政法规8件。完善公共决策吸纳民意机制，认真办理人大代表建议和政协委员提案。推进政务公开，省级政府部门权力和责任清单全面公布。加大督查问责力度，组织开展第三次国务院大督查，对去产能、民间投资等政策落实情况进行专项督查和第三方评估，严肃查处一些地区违规新建钢铁项目、生产销售“地条钢”等行为。加强安全生产工作，事故总量和重特大事故数量继续下降。强化社会治安综合治理，依法打击违法犯罪，有力维护了国家安全和公共安全。

Eighth, we continued to enhance governmentperformance and improve governance, thus ensuring social harmony and stability.

The State Council submitted 13 legislativeproposals to the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress (NPC) forapproval and adopted or revised 8 sets of administrative regulations. Weimproved mechanisms for drawing on public opinions in decision making on publicissues and worked with keen attention to handle the proposals and suggestionsof NPC deputies and CPPCC National Committee members. We made progress instrengthening government transparency by releasing lists of the powers andresponsibilities of all provincial-level government departments.

We intensified accountability inspections.The third State Council accountability inspection was carried out; specialinspections and third-party evaluations were conducted on the implementation ofpolicies related to cutting overcapacity and encouraging private investment;and new steel projects launched in breach of regulations and the production andsale of substandard steel products were strictly investigated and dealt with.

We strengthened workplace safety effortsand saw a continued decline in the total number of accidents and in the numberof accidents of a serious nature.

We took comprehensive measures to maintainlaw and order and, in accordance with law, cracked down on crime and otherviolations, effectively safeguarding national and public security.

扎实开展“两学一做”学习教育，认真落实党中央八项规定精神，坚决纠正“四风”，严格执行国务院“约法三章”。依法惩处一批腐败分子，反腐败斗争形成压倒性态势。

We carried out in earnest activities toenable Party members to gain a good understanding of the Party Constitution,Party regulations, and General Secretary Xi Jinping’s major policy addressesand to meet Party standards. We worked scrupulously to ensure compliance withthe Party Central Committee’s eight-point decision on improving Party andgovernment conduct, took firm action to address formalism, bureaucratism,hedonism, and extravagance, and rigorously enforced the State Council’sthree-point decision on curbing government spending. We punished a number ofcorrupt officials in accordance with law, and the fight against corruption hasbuilt up irresistible momentum.

过去一年，中国特色大国外交卓有成效。习近平主席等国家领导人出访多国，出席亚太经合组织领导人非正式会议、上海合作组织峰会、金砖国家领导人会晤、核安全峰会、联大系列高级别会议、亚欧首脑会议、东亚合作领导人系列会议等重大活动。成功举办澜沧江－湄公河合作首次领导人会议。同主要大国协调合作得到加强，同周边国家全面合作持续推进，同发展中国家友好合作不断深化，同联合国等国际组织联系更加密切。积极促进全球治理体系改革与完善。推动《巴黎协定》生效。经济外交、人文交流成果丰硕。坚定维护国家领土主权和海洋权益。中国作为负责任大国，在国际和地区事务中发挥了建设性作用，为世界和平与发展作出了重要贡献。

As a major country, China has made outstandingachievements in its diplomacy with distinctive features over the past year.President Xi Jinping and other Chinese leaders visited many countries. Theyattended major international events, including the 24th APEC Economic LeadersMeeting, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Summit, the BRICS LeadersMeeting, the Nuclear Security Summit, high-level meetings of the 71st sessionof the UN General Assembly, the Asia-Europe Meeting, and the East Asian leadersmeetings on cooperation. We hosted the first-ever Lancang-Mekong CooperationLeaders Meeting.

China’s coordination and cooperation withother major countries were strengthened, its comprehensive cooperation withneighboring countries continued to be boosted, its friendship and cooperationwith other developing countries were deepened, and its interactions with the UNand other international organizations became closer.

China was actively involved in reformingand improving the global governance system. We played our part in ensuring thatthe Paris Agreement was put into force. Economic diplomacy and personal andcultural exchanges yielded notable outcomes. We were resolute in upholdingChina’s sovereignty, territorial integrity, and maritime rights and interests.As a responsible major country, China has been playing a constructive role ininternational and regional issues and has made significant contributions toworld peace and development.

隆重庆祝中国共产党成立95周年，隆重纪念中国工农红军长征胜利80周年，宣示了我们不忘初心、继续前进、战胜一切困难的坚强意志，彰显了全国人民走好新的长征路、不断夺取新胜利的坚定决心！

We celebrated the 95th anniversary of thefounding of the Communist Party of China and the 80th anniversary of thevictory of the Long March of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army,demonstrating our unshakeable will to remain true to the founding mission of theParty, to keep pressing ahead, and to overcome all difficulties, and showingthe firm determination of all Chinese people to keep up our stride on the newLong March and continue striving for new victories.

各位代表！

Esteemed Deputies,

过去一年取得的成绩，是以习近平同志为核心的党中央正确领导的结果，是全党全军全国各族人民团结奋斗的结果。我代表国务院，向全国各族人民，向各民主党派、各人民团体和各界人士，表示诚挚感谢！向香港特别行政区同胞、澳门特别行政区同胞、台湾同胞和海外侨胞，表示诚挚感谢！向关心和支持中国现代化建设事业的各国政府、国际组织和各国朋友，表示诚挚感谢！

We owe all the achievements made over thepast year to the sound leadership of the Party Central Committee with ComradeXi Jinping at its core and the concerted efforts of the Party, the military,and the people of all our nation’s ethnic groups. On behalf of the StateCouncil, I wish to express our sincere gratitude to all our people, includingpublic figures from all sectors of society, and to other parties and people’sorganizations. I express our sincere appreciation to our fellow countrymen andwomen in the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions and in Taiwan,and to Chinese nationals overseas. I also wish to express our heartfelt thanksto the governments of other countries, international organizations, and friendsfrom all over the world who have shown understanding and support for China inits endeavor to modernize.

我们也清醒看到，经济社会发展中还存在不少困难和问题。经济增长内生动力仍需增强，部分行业产能过剩严重，一些企业生产经营困难较多，地区经济走势分化，财政收支矛盾较大，经济金融风险隐患不容忽视。环境污染形势依然严峻，特别是一些地区严重雾霾频发，治理措施需要进一步加强。在住房、教育、医疗、养老、食品药品安全、收入分配等方面，人民群众还有不少不满意的地方。煤矿、建筑、交通等领域发生了一些重大安全事故，令人痛心。政府工作存在不足，有些改革举措和政策落实不到位，涉企收费多、群众办事难等问题仍较突出，行政执法中存在不规范不公正不文明现象，少数干部懒政怠政、推诿扯皮，一些领域腐败问题时有发生。我们一定要直面挑战，敢于担当，全力以赴做好政府工作，不辱历史使命，不负人民重托。

Yet we must not lose sight of the manyproblems and challenges China faces in pursuing economic and socialdevelopment. The internal forces driving economic growth need to bestrengthened. Overcapacity poses a serious challenge in some industries. Some enterprisesface difficulties in their production and operations. Economic prospects fordifferent regions are divergent. Fiscal imbalance is becoming great. Andpotential economic and financial risks cannot be overlooked.

Environmental pollution remains grave, andin particular, some areas are frequently hit by heavy smog. We need to furtherstrengthen our steps to combat pollution. There are also many problems causingpublic concern in housing, education, healthcare, elderly care, food and drugsafety, and income distribution. It is distressing that there were some majoraccidents in the coal mining, construction, and transportation sectors.

There is still room for improvement ingovernment performance. Some reform policies and measures have not been fullyimplemented. Excess fees and charges being levied on businesses anddifficulties facing individuals who want to access government services remainstandout problems. We still see problems of laws and regulations being enforcedin a non-standard, unfair, or uncivil way. A small number of governmentemployees are lazy and neglectful of their duties or shirk responsibility.Corruption often occurs in some sectors.

We must confront these challenges head-on,be ready to bear the weight of responsibility, and do our all to deliver. Wemust fulfill our historic mission and live up to the great trust placed in usby the Chinese people.

二、2017年工作总体部署

Esteemed Deputies,

I now wish to discuss with you what thegovernment will do in 2017.

今年将召开中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会，是党和国家事业发展中具有重大意义的一年。做好政府工作，要在以习近平同志为核心的党中央领导下，高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，全面贯彻党的十八大和十八届三中、四中、五中、六中全会精神，以邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观为指导，深入贯彻习近平总书记系列重要讲话精神和治国理政新理念新思想新战略，统筹推进“五位一体”总体布局和协调推进“四个全面”战略布局，坚持稳中求进工作总基调，牢固树立和贯彻落实新发展理念，适应把握引领经济发展新常态，坚持以提高发展质量和效益为中心，坚持宏观政策要稳、产业政策要准、微观政策要活、改革政策要实、社会政策要托底的政策思路，坚持以推进供给侧结构性改革为主线，适度扩大总需求，加强预期引导，深化创新驱动，全面做好稳增长、促改革、调结构、惠民生、防风险各项工作，保持经济平稳健康发展和社会和谐稳定，以优异成绩迎接党的十九大胜利召开。

This year, the Communist Party of Chinawill hold its 19th National Congress, so it will be a year of greatsignificance for advancing the cause of the Party and our country. To deliverin our work this year, the government will do the following:

–Follow the leadership of the Party Central Committee with ComradeXi Jinping at its core

–Hold high the banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics

–Implement fully the guidelines from the 18th National PartyCongress and those of the third through sixth plenary sessions of the 18thParty Central Committee

–Take as our guide Deng Xiaoping Theory, the Theory of Three Represents,and the Scientific Outlook on Development

–Put into practice the principles from General Secretary XiJinping’s major addresses and his new vision, thinking, and strategies forChina’s governance

–Promote balanced economic, political, cultural, social, andecological progress and coordinated implementation of the Four-ProngedComprehensive Strategy 3

–Remain committed to the underlying principle of making progresswhile keeping performance stable

–Gain a strong understanding of and put into practice the newdevelopment philosophy

–Adapt to, approach in the right way, and steer the new normal ineconomic development

–Give central importance to improving the quality and returns ofdevelopment

–Ensure that macro-level policy is consistent, industrial policy istargeted, micro-level policy injects dynamism into the market, reform policydelivers outcomes, and social policy sees basic living needs are met

–Focus on supply-side structural reform

–Expand aggregate demand as appropriate

–Do better in guiding expectations

–Strengthen the role of innovation in driving development

–Maintain stable growth, promote reform, make structuraladjustments, improve living standards, and guard against risks

–Maintain stable and sound economic development as well as socialharmony and stability

These efforts should enable us to pave the wayfor the 19th National Party Congress with outstanding achievements.

综合分析国内外形势，我们要做好应对更加复杂严峻局面的充分准备。世界经济增长低迷态势仍在延续，“逆全球化”思潮和保护主义倾向抬头，主要经济体政策走向及外溢效应变数较大，不稳定不确定因素明显增加。我国发展处在爬坡过坎的关键阶段，经济运行存在不少突出矛盾和问题。困难不容低估，信心不可动摇。我国物质基础雄厚、人力资源充裕、市场规模庞大、产业配套齐全、科技进步加快、基础设施比较完善，经济发展具有良好支撑条件，宏观调控还有不少创新手段和政策储备。我们坚信，有党的坚强领导，坚持党的基本路线，坚定不移走中国特色社会主义道路，依靠人民群众的无穷创造力，万众一心、奋力拼搏，我国发展一定能够创造新的辉煌。

The developments both in and outside ofChina require that we are ready to face more complicated and graver situations.World economic growth remains sluggish, and both the deglobalization trend andprotectionism are growing. There are many uncertainties about the direction ofthe major economies’ policies and their spillover effects, and the factors thatcould cause instability and uncertainty are visibly increasing. China is at acrucial and challenging stage in its own development endeavors, and there aremany salient challenges and problems in the economy.

The difficulties we face are not to beunderestimated, but we must remain confident that they will be overcome. Chinahas a solid material foundation, abundant human resources, a huge market, and acomplete system of industries. It is making faster scientific and technologicalprogress, and has a complete range of infrastructure. We have good conditionsfor sustaining economic development, and many innovative tools and policyoptions for conducting macroeconomic regulation. We should follow theleadership of the Party, uphold the Party’s fundamental political guidelines,and keep to the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics; we should relyon the inexhaustible creativity of the people, unite as one, and forge ahead.It is our firm belief that by doing this, we will make great new achievementsin China’s development.

今年发展的主要预期目标是：国内生产总值增长6.5%左右，在实际工作中争取更好结果；居民消费价格涨幅3%左右；城镇新增就业1100万人以上，城镇登记失业率4.5%以内；进出口回稳向好，国际收支基本平衡；居民收入和经济增长基本同步；单位国内生产总值能耗下降3.4%以上，主要污染物排放量继续下降。

Based on the above considerations, we haveset the following key projected targets for development this year:

–GDP growth of around 6.5 percent, or higher if possible in practice

–CPI increase kept at around 3 percent

–Over 11 million new urban jobs, and a registered urban unemploymentrate within 4.5 percent

–A steady rise in import and export volumes, and a basic balance ininternational payments

–Increases in personal income basically in step with economic growth

–A reduction of at least 3.4 percent in energy consumption per unitof GDP, and continued reductions in the release of major pollutants

今年的经济增长预期目标，符合经济规律和客观实际，有利于引导和稳定预期、调整结构，也同全面建成小康社会要求相衔接。稳增长的重要目的是为了保就业、惠民生。今年就业压力加大，要坚持就业优先战略，实施更加积极的就业政策。城镇新增就业预期目标比去年多100万人，突出了更加重视就业的导向。从经济基本面和就业吸纳能力看，这一目标通过努力是能够实现的。

The projected target for this year’s growthis realistic and in keeping with economic principles; it will help steer andsteady expectations and make structural adjustments; and it will help achievethe goal of finishing the building of a moderately prosperous society in allrespects.

An important reason for stressing the needto maintain stable growth is to ensure employment and improve people’s lives.As employment pressure grows this year, we will continue to give top priorityto creating jobs and implement a more proactive employment policy. This year’starget for urban job creation is one million more than last year, underliningthe greater importance we are attaching to employment. Considering our soundeconomic fundamentals and the capacity they bring for job creation, with hardwork, this target is attainable.

今年要继续实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策，在区间调控基础上加强定向调控、相机调控，提高预见性、精准性和有效性，注重消费、投资、区域、产业、环保等政策的协调配合，确保经济运行在合理区间。

This year, we will continue to pursue aproactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy. On the basis ofconducting range-based regulation, we will focus more on targeted andwell-timed regulation and increase the foresight, precision, and effectivenessof our regulation. We will strengthen coordination of consumption, investment,regional, industrial, and environmental protection policies, and ensure theeconomy performs within an appropriate range.

财政政策要更加积极有效。今年赤字率拟按3%安排，财政赤字2.38万亿元，比去年增加2000亿元。其中，中央财政赤字1.55万亿元，地方财政赤字8300亿元。安排地方专项债券8000亿元，继续发行地方政府置换债券。今年赤字率保持不变，主要是为了进一步减税降费，全年再减少企业税负3500亿元左右、涉企收费约2000亿元，一定要让市场主体有切身感受。财政预算安排要突出重点、有保有压，加大力度补短板、惠民生。对地方一般性转移支付规模增长9.5%，重点增加均衡性转移支付和困难地区财力补助。压缩非重点支出，减少对绩效不高项目的预算安排。各级政府要坚持过紧日子，中央部门要带头，一律按不低于5%的幅度压减一般性支出，决不允许增加“三公”经费，挤出更多资金用于减税降费，坚守节用裕民的正道。

We will pursue a more proactive andeffective fiscal policy. This year’s deficit-to-GDP ratio is projected to be 3percent, with the fiscal deficit set at 2.38 trillion yuan, representing ayear-on-year increase of 200 billion yuan. To break this down, the projecteddeficit of the central government is 1.55 trillion yuan, and the projecteddeficit of local governments is 830 billion yuan. Local government specialbonds to be issued will total 800 billion yuan, and local government bonds willcontinue to be issued to replace their outstanding debt. The main reason forkeeping this year’s deficit-to-GDP ratio unchanged is to allow for furtherreductions in taxes and fees. Over the course of the year, the tax burden onbusinesses will be further eased by around 350 billion yuan, and businessrelated fees will be further cut by around 200 billion yuan to benefit marketentities.

Government budgets should highlightpriorities; spending in some areas should be maintained while in others cutsshould be made; and more should be spent to strengthen areas of weakness andimprove living standards. General transfer payments to local governments willbe increased by 9.5 percent, with the focus on increasing transfer payments forequalizing access to basic public services and stepping up subsidies forregions facing economic difficulties. We will scale down non-priority spendingand cut budgets for projects that do not deliver desired outcomes.

Governments at all levels should tightentheir belts, and central government departments should take the lead by cuttingno less than 5 percent of their general expenditures. No increase in spendingon official overseas visits, official vehicles, or official hospitality ispermitted; and we will squeeze out more funds to cover cuts in taxes and fees.We will keep government spending low and enrich our people.

货币政策要保持稳健中性。今年广义货币M2和社会融资规模余额预期增长均为12%左右。要综合运用货币政策工具，维护流动性基本稳定，合理引导市场利率水平，疏通传导机制，促进金融资源更多流向实体经济，特别是支持“三农”和小微企业。坚持汇率市场化改革方向，保持人民币在全球货币体系中的稳定地位。

We will continue to pursue a prudent andneutral monetary policy. The M2 money supply and aggregate financing areforecasted to grow by around 12 percent in 2017. We will apply a full range ofmonetary policy instruments, maintain basic stability in liquidity, see thatmarket interest rates remain at an appropriate level, and improve thetransmission mechanism of monetary policy. We will encourage a greater flow offinancial resources into the real economy, particularly in support ofagriculture, rural areas, and farmers, and small and micro businesses. The RMBexchange rate will be further liberalized, and the currency’s stable positionin the global monetary system will be maintained.

做好今年政府工作，要把握好以下几点。一是贯彻稳中求进工作总基调，保持战略定力。稳是大局，要着力稳增长、保就业、防风险，守住金融安全、民生保障、环境保护等方面的底线，确保经济社会大局稳定。在稳的前提下要勇于进取，深入推进改革，加快结构调整，敢于啃“硬骨头”，努力在关键领域取得新进展。二是坚持以推进供给侧结构性改革为主线。必须把改善供给侧结构作为主攻方向，通过简政减税、放宽准入、鼓励创新，持续激发微观主体活力，减少无效低效供给、扩大有效供给，更好适应和引导需求。这是一个化蛹成蝶的转型升级过程，既充满希望又伴随阵痛，既非常紧迫又艰巨复杂。要勇往直前，坚决闯过这个关口。三是适度扩大总需求并提高有效性。我国内需潜力巨大，扩内需既有必要也有可能，关键是找准发力点。要围绕改善民生来扩大消费，着眼补短板、增后劲来增加投资，使扩内需更加有效、更可持续，使供给侧改革和需求侧管理相辅相成、相得益彰。四是依靠创新推动新旧动能转换和结构优化升级。我国发展到现在这个阶段，不靠改革创新没有出路。我们拥有世界上数量最多、素质较高的劳动力，有最大规模的科技和专业技能人才队伍，蕴藏着巨大的创新潜能。要坚持以改革开放为动力、以人力人才资源为支撑，加快创新发展，培育壮大新动能、改造提升传统动能，提高全要素生产率，推动经济保持中高速增长、产业迈向中高端水平。五是着力解决人民群众普遍关心的突出问题。政府的一切工作都是为了人民，要践行以人民为中心的发展思想，把握好我国处于社会主义初级阶段的基本国情。对群众反映强烈、期待迫切的问题，有条件的要抓紧解决，把好事办好；一时难以解决的，要努力创造条件逐步加以解决。我们要咬定青山不放松，持之以恒为群众办实事、解难事，促进社会公平正义，把发展硬道理更多体现在增进人民福祉上。

To deliver a good performance this year, wein government should stick to the following guidelines:

First, we should make progress whilemaintaining stable performance and keep our strategic focus. Stability is ofoverriding importance. We should ensure stable growth, maintain employment, andprevent risks. To ensure overall economic and social stability we must not allowthe redline to be crossed concerning financial security, people’s wellbeing, orenvironmental protection. We should, while maintaining stable performance,endeavor to make progress, deepen reforms, accelerate structural adjustments,be prepared to take on some really tough problems, and push to make progress inkey areas.

Second, we should focus on supply-sidestructural reform. We must give priority to improving supply-side structure. Weshould streamline administration, reduce taxes, further expand market access,and encourage innovation; and we should keep micro entities energized, reduceineffective supply while expanding effective supply, and better adapt to andguide demand. Like the struggle from chrysalis to butterfly, this process oftransformation and upgrading is filled with promise but also accompanied bygreat pain; it is urgent, formidable, and complicated. We should press forwardwith courage and get the job done.

Third, we should expand aggregate demand asappropriate and improve its efficacy. China’s potential domestic demand isenormous, and it is both necessary and possible for domestic demand to beexpanded. The key is to know where to start. We need to increase consumerspending to improve people’s lives, and boost investment to strengthen areas ofweakness and sustain development, so that the expansion of domestic demandbecomes more effective and sustainable and supply-side reform and demand-sideregulation reinforce each other.

Fourth, we should rely on innovation toreplace old growth drivers with new ones and speed up structural improvementand upgrading. Having reached the current stage of development, China can nowadvance only through reform and innovation. We have the largest qualityworkforce as well as the largest pool of scientists, engineers, andprofessionals in the world, and their potential for innovation is trulytremendous. We must continue to draw strength from reform and opening up, fullytap the potential of human resources and human capital, and move more quicklyto pursue innovation-driven development. We should foster and develop newgrowth drivers while transforming and upgrading the traditional growth drivers,and increase total factor productivity. These steps will enable China’s economyto maintain a medium-high rate of growth and China’s industries to move towardthe medium-high end.

Fifth, we should solve prominent problemsof public concern. All government work is for the people. We should keep inmind the fact that China remains in the primary stage of socialism and pursue apeople focused development philosophy. Where conditions permit, we will lose notime in solving problems about which the people have great concern and whichdemand speedy resolution. When problems cannot be solved for the time being, wewill work to resolve them over time. We must make dedicated efforts to deliverservices to the people, resolve the difficulties they face, promote socialequity and justice, and demonstrate that development does better people’slives.

三、2017年重点工作任务

I now wish to discuss our major areas ofwork for 2017.

面对今年艰巨繁重的改革发展稳定任务，我们要通观全局、统筹兼顾，突出重点、把握关键，正确处理好各方面关系，着重抓好以下几个方面工作。

Confronted with the formidable tasks ofreform and development and maintaining stability this year, we must keep inmind the big picture and adopt a holistic approach, have clear priorities andfocus on key tasks, and properly handle interactions among various sectors. Weshould give priority to the following areas of work.

（一）用改革的办法深入推进“三去一降一补”。要在巩固成果基础上，针对新情况新问题，完善政策措施，努力取得更大成效。

1. Pushing ahead with the five prioritytasks through reform

We should, on the basis of consolidatingand building on what we have achieved, improve our policies and measures inlight of new developments and new problems so as to make greater progress.

扎实有效去产能。今年要再压减钢铁产能5000万吨左右，退出煤炭产能1.5亿吨以上。同时，要淘汰、停建、缓建煤电产能5000万千瓦以上，以防范化解煤电产能过剩风险，提高煤电行业效率，优化能源结构，为清洁能源发展腾空间。要严格执行环保、能耗、质量、安全等相关法律法规和标准，更多运用市场化法治化手段，有效处置“僵尸企业”，推动企业兼并重组、破产清算，坚决淘汰不达标的落后产能，严控过剩行业新上产能。去产能必须安置好职工，中央财政专项奖补资金要及时拨付，地方和企业要落实相关资金与措施，确保分流职工就业有出路、生活有保障。

Take solid and effective steps to cutovercapacity

This year, we will further reduce steelproduction capacity by around 50 million metric tons and shut down at least 150million metric tons of coal production facilities. At the same time, we willsuspend or postpone construction on or eliminate no less than 50 millionkilowatts of coal-fired power generation capacity in order to guard against anddefuse the risks of overcapacity in coal-fired power, improve the efficiency ofthis sector, optimize the energy mix, and make room for clean energy todevelop.

We will strictly enforce all laws,regulations, and standards on environmental protection, energy consumption,quality, and safety and make more use of market- and law-based methods as wework to address the problems of "zombie enterprises," encourageenterprise mergers, restructuring, and bankruptcy liquidations, shut down alloutdated production facilities that fail to meet standards, and stringentlycontrol the launching of new projects in industries that are already saddledwith overcapacity.

As overcapacity is cut, we must provideassistance to laid-off workers. Central government special funds for rewardsand subsidies should be promptly allocated and local governments andenterprises need to put in place related funds and measures, to ensure thatlaid-off workers can find new jobs and secure their livelihoods.

因城施策去库存。目前三四线城市房地产库存仍然较多，要支持居民自住和进城人员购房需求。坚持住房的居住属性，落实地方政府主体责任，加快建立和完善促进房地产市场平稳健康发展的长效机制，健全购租并举的住房制度，以市场为主满足多层次需求，以政府为主提供基本保障。加强房地产市场分类调控，房价上涨压力大的城市要合理增加住宅用地，规范开发、销售、中介等行为，遏制热点城市房价过快上涨。目前城镇还有几千万人居住在条件简陋的棚户区，要持续进行改造。今年再完成棚户区住房改造600万套，继续发展公租房等保障性住房，因地制宜、多种方式提高货币化安置比例，加强配套设施建设和公共服务，让更多住房困难家庭告别棚户区，让广大人民群众在住有所居中创造新生活。

Take targeted policies to cut excess urbanreal estate inventory

At present, there is still excess supply inthe real estate markets of third- and fourth-tier cities. We will support bothlocal and new residents in buying homes for personal use.

We need to be clear that housing is forpeople to live in, and local governments should take primary responsibility inthis respect. We should move faster to establish robust long-term mechanismsfor promoting the steady and sound development of the real estate sector andbuild a better housing system that gives equal weight to buying and renting,with multiple levels of demand being met primarily by the market, and basichousing support provided by the government. We will take more category-basedand targeted steps to regulate the real estate market. Cities that are underbig pressure from rising housing prices need to increase as appropriate thesupply of land for residential use. We should better regulate housingdevelopment, marketing, and intermediary services, and keep home prices fromrising too quickly in popular cities.

Today, several dozen million people stilllive in rundown areas in cities and towns. We must continue housing renovationsin these areas. This year, we will renovate another 6 million housing units inthese areas, continue to develop public rental housing and other forms ofgovernment-subsidized housing, base measures on local circumstances and usemultiple means to increase the use of monetary compensation for those affectedby such rebuilding, and improve local infrastructure and public services. Withthese efforts, we will help more families struggling with housing to bidfarewell to rundown areas, and see that with good roofs over their heads ourpeople move on to better lives.

积极稳妥去杠杆。我国非金融企业杠杆率较高，这与储蓄率高、以信贷为主的融资结构有关。要在控制总杠杆率的前提下，把降低企业杠杆率作为重中之重。促进企业盘活存量资产，推进资产证券化，支持市场化法治化债转股，发展多层次资本市场，加大股权融资力度，强化企业特别是国有企业财务杠杆约束，逐步将企业负债降到合理水平。

Carry out deleveraging in an active andprudent way

There is high leverage in nonfinancialChinese firms. This is caused by high savings rates and the composition offinancing which is primarily based on credit. While working to control overallleverage, we should focus on bringing down the leverage of enterprises. We needto see that the idle assets of enterprises are put to use, push ahead withsecuritization of corporate assets, support market- and law-baseddebt-to-equity swaps, develop the multilevel capital market, expand equityfinancing, and place tighter constraints on enterprises, especially SOEs, inleveraging, so as to gradually reduce enterprise debt to an acceptable level.

多措并举降成本。扩大小微企业享受减半征收所得税优惠的范围，年应纳税所得额上限由30万元提高到50万元；科技型中小企业研发费用加计扣除比例由50%提高到75%，千方百计使结构性减税力度和效应进一步显现。名目繁多的收费使许多企业不堪重负，要大幅降低非税负担。一是全面清理规范政府性基金，取消城市公用事业附加等基金，授权地方政府自主减免部分基金。二是取消或停征中央涉企行政事业性收费35项，收费项目再减少一半以上，保留的项目要尽可能降低收费标准。各地也要削减涉企行政事业性收费。三是减少政府定价的涉企经营性收费，清理取消行政审批中介服务违规收费，推动降低金融、铁路货运等领域涉企经营性收费，加强对市场调节类经营服务性收费的监管。四是继续适当降低“五险一金”有关缴费比例。五是通过深化改革、完善政策，降低企业制度性交易成本，降低用能、物流等成本。各有关部门和单位都要舍小利顾大义，使企业轻装上阵，创造条件形成我国竞争新优势。

Take multiple measures to cut costs

More small businesses with low profits willenjoy halved corporate income tax, with the upper limit of taxable annualincome raised from 300,000 to 500,000 yuan. For small and medium high-techenterprises, the proportion of R&D expenses covered by the additional taxreduction policy is to be raised from 50 to 75 percent. We will do all we canto see the intensity and impact of structural tax cuts deliver further results.The great number of charges have placed an unbearable burden on manybusinesses; we are going to slash non-tax burdens.

First, we will completely overhaulgovernment-managed funds, abolish municipal public utility surcharges, andauthorize local governments to reduce and cancel some funds.

Second, we will abolish or suspend 35administrative charges paid by enterprises to the central government, againcutting the number of charges by more than half; and then reduce as far aspossible those that still apply. Local governments also need to makesignificant cuts to government administrative fees.

Third, we will reduce government-setoperating fees for businesses. Unauthorized fees charged by intermediaries forgovernment review and approval will be overhauled or abolished. We will worktoward lower operating fees levied on businesses in the finance and railwayfreight sectors. We will strengthen oversight over the collection of market-setservice fees.

Fourth, we will continue to lower asappropriate the share paid by enterprises for contributions to social security.

Fifth, we will deepen reforms and improvepolicies to reduce government imposed transaction costs for businesses andlower their energy and logistics costs.

All government departments and agenciesconcerned should have in mind the overall interests of the country instead oftheir narrow departmental interests, reduce the financial burden onenterprises, and help them develop new advantages over internationalcompetition.

精准加力补短板。要针对严重制约经济社会发展和民生改善的突出问题，结合实施“十三五”规划确定的重大项目，加大补短板力度，加快提升公共服务、基础设施、创新发展、资源环境等支撑能力。

Take targeted and powerful measures tostrengthen areas of weakness

We need to focus on salient problems thatare holding back economic and social development and making it difficult toimprove people’s standards of living, and we should integrate efforts toundertake major projects set out in the 13th Five-Year Plan with efforts tostrengthen areas of weakness. We should act faster to raise the capacity ofpublic services, infrastructure, innovation-driven development, and resourcesand the environment to sustain development.

贫困地区和贫困人口是全面建成小康社会最大的短板。要深入实施精准扶贫精准脱贫，今年再减少农村贫困人口1000万以上，完成易地扶贫搬迁340万人。中央财政专项扶贫资金增长30%以上。加强集中连片特困地区、革命老区、边疆和民族地区开发，改善基础设施和公共服务，推动特色产业发展、劳务输出、教育和健康扶贫，做好因病等致贫返贫群众帮扶，实施贫困村整体提升工程，增强贫困地区和贫困群众自我发展能力。推进贫困县涉农资金整合，强化资金和项目监管。创新扶贫协作机制，支持和引导社会力量参与扶贫。切实落实脱贫攻坚责任制，实施最严格的评估考核，严肃查处假脱贫、“被脱贫”、数字脱贫，确保脱贫得到群众认可、经得起历史检验。

Poor areas and people living in povertyrepresent the area of greatest weakness we must face as we work to finishbuilding a moderately prosperous society in all respects. We need to do more inimplementing targeted poverty reduction and elimination measures. This year wewill further reduce the number of rural residents living in poverty by over 10million, including 3.4 million to be relocated from inhospitable areas. Centralgovernment funding for poverty alleviation will be increased by over 30percent.

We need to step up development incontiguous areas of extreme poverty, old revolutionary bases, border areas, andareas with concentrations of ethnic minorities. For this we should focus on thefollowing work: improving infrastructure and public services; fostering povertyalleviation through distinctive local businesses, the domestic and overseasexport of labor, and improving education and health care; providing assistanceto people who become poor or sink back into poverty due to illness;implementing the program for improving life in poor villages; and building theself-development capacity of poor areas and people.

In poor counties, different ruraldevelopment funds will be merged, and oversight over funds and projects will bestrengthened. We will develop new mechanisms for coordinating poverty reductionefforts. We will support and guide non-governmental participation in combatingpoverty. The system for ensuring responsibility is taken for poverty eliminationwill be effectively enforced, the strictest possible evaluations andassessments of poverty alleviation will be carried out, and stern measures willbe taken to address deception, falsification, and the manipulation of numbersin poverty elimination work. We must see that the results of our povertyelimination earn the approval of our people and stand the test of time.

（二）深化重要领域和关键环节改革。要全面深化各领域改革，加快推进基础性、关键性改革，增强内生发展动力。

2. Deepening reform in major sectors andkey links

Full reform will be deepened in all areas.We will move faster to advance fundamental and critical reforms to boost theinternal forces driving development.

持续推进政府职能转变。使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用和更好发挥政府作用，必须深化简政放权、放管结合、优化服务改革。这是政府自身的一场深刻革命，要继续以壮士断腕的勇气，坚决披荆斩棘向前推进。全面实行清单管理制度，制定国务院部门权力和责任清单，加快扩大市场准入负面清单试点，减少政府的自由裁量权，增加市场的自主选择权。清理取消一批生产和服务许可证。深化商事制度改革，实行多证合一，扩大“证照分离”改革试点。完善事中事后监管制度，实现“双随机、一公开”监管全覆盖，推进综合行政执法。加快国务院部门和地方政府信息系统互联互通，形成全国统一政务服务平台。我们一定要让企业和群众更多感受到“放管服”改革成效，着力打通“最后一公里”，坚决除烦苛之弊、施公平之策、开便利之门。

We will continue to transform government functions.

To enable the market to play the decisiverole in resource allocation and to give better play to the role of government,we must deepen reforms to streamline government administration, delegate morepowers, and improve regulation and service. This is a profound reform ofgovernment itself, which we need to continue to pursue with the courage to makepainful self-adjustments and overcome all odds.

We will fully implement the list-basedmanagement system, formulate lists of powers and responsibilities of thedepartments under the State Council, accelerate the extension of trials ofgranting market access on the basis of a negative list, and reduce thediscretionary powers of the government while giving the market more freedom totake its course. We will abolish the requirement for permits for a number ofproduction and service activities. We will deepen institutional reforms in thebusiness sector, merge different forms of certification required of businessesinto one certificate, and expand trials to separate operating permits andbusiness licenses. We will improve the system for conducting both registrationand post-registration oversight over businesses, apply the oversight model ofrandom inspection and public release to cover all business activities, andstrengthen coordinated administrative law enforcement. We will accelerateefforts to make the information systems of the State Council departments andthose of local governments better connected and form a nationally unifiedgovernment service platform.

To see that businesses and the publicbenefit more from our reforms to streamline administration, delegate powers,and improve regulation and services, we must cut red tape, level the playingfield, provide greater convenience, and remove that last crucial hurdle.

继续推进财税体制改革。落实和完善全面推开营改增政策。简化增值税税率结构，今年由四档税率简并至三档，营造简洁透明、更加公平的税收环境，进一步减轻企业税收负担。加快推进中央与地方财政事权和支出责任划分改革，制定收入划分总体方案，健全地方税体系，规范地方政府举债行为。深入推进政府预决算公开，倒逼沉淀资金盘活，提高资金使用效率，每一笔钱都要花在明处、用出实效。

We will continue to reform fiscal and taxsystems.

We will implement and improve policies onreplacing business tax with VAT across the board. We will simplify thestructure of VAT rates, and undertake this year to turn the four tax bracketsinto three. We will create a simple, transparent, and fairer tax environmentand further ease the tax burden of our firms. We will move faster to advancethe reform of defining the respective financial powers and expenditureresponsibilities of the central and local governments, formulate an overallplan for central and local government revenue sharing, improve the local taxsystem, and better regulate local government debt financing. We will step upefforts to make government budgets and final accounts more transparent tocreate pressure for idle budgetary funds to be put to good use. We must usefunds more efficiently, and ensure every single sum is spent where it can beseen and produces results.

抓好金融体制改革。促进金融机构突出主业、下沉重心，增强服务实体经济能力，坚决防止脱实向虚。鼓励大中型商业银行设立普惠金融事业部，国有大型银行要率先做到，实行差别化考核评价办法和支持政策，有效缓解中小微企业融资难、融资贵问题。发挥好政策性开发性金融作用。推进农村信用社改革，强化服务“三农”功能。深化多层次资本市场改革，完善主板市场基础性制度，积极发展创业板、新三板，规范发展区域性股权市场。拓宽保险资金支持实体经济渠道。大力发展绿色金融。推动融资租赁业健康发展。当前系统性风险总体可控，但对不良资产、债券违约、影子银行、互联网金融等累积风险要高度警惕。积极稳妥推进金融监管体制改革，有序化解处置突出风险点，整顿规范金融秩序，筑牢金融风险“防火墙”。我国经济基本面好，商业银行资本充足率、拨备覆盖率比较高，可动用的工具和手段多。对守住不发生系统性金融风险的底线，我们有信心和底气、有能力和办法。

We will advance reforms in the financialsector.

We will prompt financial institutions tofocus on their main business and make their services accessible to small andmicro businesses, strengthen their ability to serve the real economy, andresolutely prevent them from being distracted from their intended purpose.

We will encourage large and mediumcommercial banks to establish inclusive finance departments. Large state-ownedbanks should take the lead in this effort. We will adopt differentiatedassessment and evaluation measures and supportive policies, and effectivelyaddress the problem of medium, small, and micro enterprises being unable toaccess loans or having to pay high interest to secure loans.

We will make good use of policy-backed anddevelopment-oriented finance. We will move forward with the reform of ruralcredit cooperatives and strengthen the role they play in meeting the needs ofagriculture, rural areas, and farmers.

We will deepen the reform of themulti-tiered capital market, improve the basic systems of the main board,actively develop the ChiNext stock market and the new third board, and see thatregional equity markets develop in a well-regulated way. We will expandchannels for using insurance funds to support the real economy. We will makemajor efforts to develop green finance. We will give impetus to the sounddevelopment of the financial leasing industry.

At present, overall, systemic risks areunder control. But we must be fully alert to the buildup of risks, includingrisks related to non-performing assets, bond defaults, shadow banking, andInternet finance. We will take active and steady steps to advance the reform ofthe financial regulatory system, and work systematically to defuse major potentialrisks. We will ensure order in the financial sector and build a firewallagainst financial risks.

The fundamentals of the Chinese economyremain sound, the capital adequacy ratio and provision coverage of commercialbanks remain high, and we have many financial tools and instruments that can beused. We have the confidence, the ability, and the means to forestall systemicrisks.

深入推进国企国资改革。要以提高核心竞争力和资源配置效率为目标，形成有效制衡的公司法人治理结构、灵活高效的市场化经营机制。今年要基本完成公司制改革。深化混合所有制改革，在电力、石油、天然气、铁路、民航、电信、军工等领域迈出实质性步伐。抓好电力和石油天然气体制改革，开放竞争性业务。持续推进国有企业瘦身健体、提质增效，抓紧剥离办社会职能，解决历史遗留问题。推进国有资本投资、运营公司改革试点。改善和加强国有资产监管，确保资产保值增值，把人民的共同财富切实守护好、发展好。

We will deepen the reform of SOEs and statecapital.

We should develop a corporate governancestructure (represented by legal person) that is under effective check and aflexible and efficient market-based operating system, with a view to increasingcore competitiveness and making resource allocation more effective. This yearwe will basically complete the introduction of corporate systems into SOEs. Wewill deepen reform to establish mixed ownership systems, and make substantiveprogress in industries including electric power, petroleum, natural gas,railways, civil aviation, telecommunications, and defense.

We will advance structural reform in thepower, oil and gas sectors and open their competitive operations to the privatesector. We will do more to make SOEs leaner and healthier, and perform better;and we will redouble efforts to relieve SOEs of their obligations to operatesocial programs and help them resolve other longstanding issues. We will makeprogress in work on piloting reforms in state capital investment and managementcompanies.

We will improve and strengthen regulationof state assets, and ensure that state assets maintain and increase theirvalue, as we are duty bound to see that the common wealth of the people is wellprotected and grows.

更好激发非公有制经济活力。深入落实支持非公有制经济发展的政策措施。积极构建新型政商关系。鼓励非公有制企业参与国有企业改革。坚持权利平等、机会平等、规则平等，进一步放宽非公有制经济市场准入。凡法律法规未明确禁入的行业和领域，都要允许各类市场主体平等进入；凡向外资开放的行业和领域，都要向民间资本开放；凡影响市场公平竞争的不合理行为，都要坚决制止。

We will do more to energize the non-publicsector.

We will thoroughly implement the policiesand measures for supporting the development of the non-public sector. We willwork actively to develop a new relationship between government and business. Wewill encourage non-public enterprises to participate in SOE reforms. We mustensure equal rights, equal opportunities, and fair rules, and further expandmarket access to the non-public sector. All industries and sectors for whichentry is not explicitly prohibited by laws or regulations should be open to differenttypes of market entities; all industries and sectors that are open to overseasinvestment should be open to Chinese private capital; and all unjustifiedactivities that impede fair market competition should be stopped.

加强产权保护制度建设。保护产权就是保护劳动、保护发明创造、保护和发展生产力。要加快完善产权保护制度，依法保障各种所有制经济组织和公民财产权，激励人们创业创新创富，激发和保护企业家精神，使企业家安心经营、放心投资。对于侵害企业和公民产权的行为，必须严肃查处、有错必纠。

We will improve the property rightsprotection system.

Protecting property rights means protectinglabor, protecting invention and innovation, and protecting and developingproductive forces. We will work faster to improve the property rightsprotection system and protect in accordance with law the property rights ofeconomic entities under all forms of ownership and the property rights ofcitizens. We will encourage people to start businesses, make innovations, andcreate wealth, and we will inspire and protect entrepreneurship, and ensurethat entrepreneurs can run their businesses and make investments with peace ofmind. Activities that infringe on the property rights of businesses andcitizens must be investigated and dealt with severely; anything that has beendone wrong must be corrected.

大力推进社会体制改革。深化收入分配制度配套改革。稳步推动养老保险制度改革，划转部分国有资本充实社保基金。深化医疗、医保、医药联动改革。全面推开公立医院综合改革，全部取消药品加成，协调推进医疗价格、人事薪酬、药品流通、医保支付方式等改革。深入推进教育、文化和事业单位等改革，把社会领域的巨大发展潜力充分释放出来。

We will make a big push for progress in thereform of the social system.

We will deepen reforms in support of changein the income distribution system. We will take steady steps to advance reformof the old-age insurance system, and allocate a portion of state capital toenlarge social security funds. We will deepen the coordinated reform of medicalservices, health insurance, and the medicine industry. We will introduceoverall reform in public hospitals nationwide, abolish all markups onpharmaceuticals, and make coordinated progress in reforming health carepricing, staffing and remuneration, medicine distribution, and models of healthinsurance payment. We will continue reforms in education, the cultural sector,and public institutions to unleash society’s vast potential for growth.

深化生态文明体制改革。完善主体功能区制度和生态补偿机制，建立资源环境监测预警机制，开展健全国家自然资源资产管理体制试点，出台国家公园体制总体方案，为生态文明建设提供有力制度保障。

We will deepen institutional reform tobuild a sound ecological environment.

We will improve the functional zoningsystem and the mechanisms for compensating for ecological conservation efforts;we will put in place resource and environment monitoring and early-warningmechanisms; we will launch trials to improve the state natural resource assetsmanagement system; and we will introduce an overall plan for establishing anational parks system. All these efforts should provide effective institutionalsafeguards for building a sound ecological environment.

（三）进一步释放国内需求潜力。推动供给结构和需求结构相适应、消费升级和有效投资相促进、区域城乡发展相协调，增强内需对经济增长的持久拉动作用。

3. Doing more to unleash the potential ofdomestic demand

We will push to see that the composition ofsupply becomes better matched with the composition of demand and thatconsumption upgrades and effective investment reinforce each other; we willpromote coordinated development between regions and between rural and urbanareas; and we will strengthen the role of domestic demand in sustaining growth.

促进消费稳定增长。适应消费需求变化，完善政策措施，改善消费环境。一要加快发展服务消费。开展新一轮服务业综合改革试点，支持社会力量提供教育、文化、养老、医疗等服务。推动服务业模式创新和跨界融合，发展医养结合、文化创意等新兴消费。落实带薪休假制度，完善旅游设施和服务，大力发展乡村、休闲、全域旅游。扩大数字家庭、在线教育等信息消费。促进电商、快递进社区进农村，推动实体店销售和网购融合发展。二要增加高品质产品消费。引导企业增品种、提品质、创品牌，扩大内外销产品“同线同标同质”实施范围，更好满足消费升级需求。三要整顿和规范市场秩序。严肃查处假冒伪劣、虚假广告、价格欺诈等行为，加强消费者权益保护，让群众花钱消费少烦心、多舒心。

We will promote a steady increase inconsumer spending.

We need to adapt to changes in consumerdemand, improve our policies and measures, and create a better consumerenvironment.

First, we need to speed up the developmentof service consumption. We will launch a new round of trials for comprehensivereform in the service sector, and support the non-governmental sector inproviding educational, cultural, elderly care, healthcare, and other services.We will encourage development of new service models and cross-sectoralintegration, combined medical and elderly care services, cultural and creativeservices, and other emerging forms of consumption. We will ensure paidvacations are enforced, improve tourist facilities and services, and make a bigpush to develop rural tourism, recreational tourism, and all-for-one tourism.We will increase information consumption including digital homes and onlinelearning. We will see that communities and rural areas have better access toe-commerce and express delivery services, and encourage the integrateddevelopment of physical store sales and online shopping.

Second, we need to boost consumption ofquality products. We will guide enterprises in increasing the variety ofproducts, raising their quality, and building the brands of their products.More products sold domestically should be produced on the same productionlines, meet the same standards, and be of the same quality as products forexport in order to better satisfy the needs of upgrading consumption.

Third, we need to ensure order in themarket. We will be strict about investigating and punishing the production andsale of counterfeit and substandard goods, false advertising, and price fraud.We will strengthen the protection of consumer rights; and we will make surethat spending is an enjoyable rather than a disappointing experience forconsumers.

积极扩大有效投资。引导资金更多投向补短板、调结构、促创新、惠民生的领域。今年要完成铁路建设投资8000亿元、公路水运投资1.8万亿元，再开工15项重大水利工程，继续加强轨道交通、民用和通用航空、电信基础设施等重大项目建设。中央预算内投资安排5076亿元。落实和完善促进民间投资的政策措施。深化政府和社会资本合作，完善相关价格、税费等优惠政策，政府要带头讲诚信，决不能随意改变约定，决不能“新官不理旧账”。

We will work proactively to expandeffective investment.

We will guide more investment into fieldsthat will help to strengthen weak areas, drive structural adjustment, encourageinnovation, and improve people’s lives. This year, we will invest 800 billionyuan in railway construction and 1.8 trillion yuan in highway and waterwayprojects. Construction on another 15 major water conservancy projects willbegin; and work on major rail transport, civil and general aviation, andtelecommunications infrastructure projects will be sped up. A total of 507.6billion yuan of investment has been included in the central government budgetthis year. We will implement and improve policies and measures for encouragingprivate investment. We will continue to promote public-private partnerships,and improve related policies on preferential pricing, tax, and feearrangements. Government must take the lead in acting in good faith and mustnever arbitrarily change agreements, and new officials must not disavowobligations undertaken by their predecessors.

优化区域发展格局。统筹推进三大战略和“四大板块”发展，实施好相关规划，研究制定新举措。推动国家级新区、开发区、产业园区等创新发展。支持资源枯竭、生态严重退化等地区经济转型发展。优化空域资源配置。推进海洋经济示范区建设，加快建设海洋强国，坚决维护国家海洋权益。

We will improve planning for regionaldevelopment.

We will coordinate the launching of threestrategic initiatives and the development of the eastern, central, western, andnortheastern regions. We will ensure related plans are well implemented andexplore and adopt new measures. We will boost the development of national-levelnew areas, development zones, and industrial parks through innovation. We willsupport the economic transformation and development of areas hurt by resourcedepletion and severe ecological degradation. Airspace resources will be betterallocated. We will speed up the development of maritime economy demonstrationzones, we will move faster to develop China into a strong maritime country, andwe will be resolute in safeguarding China’s maritime rights and interests.

扎实推进新型城镇化。深化户籍制度改革，今年实现进城落户1300万人以上，加快居住证制度全覆盖。支持中小城市和特色小城镇发展，推动一批具备条件的县和特大镇有序设市，发挥城市群辐射带动作用。促进“多规合一”，提升城市规划设计水平。推进建筑业改革发展，提高工程质量。统筹城市地上地下建设，加强城市地质调查，再开工建设城市地下综合管廊2000公里以上，启动消除城区重点易涝区段三年行动，推进海绵城市建设，有效治理交通拥堵等“城市病”，使城市既有“面子”、更有“里子”。

We will take solid steps to pursue a newtype of urbanization.

We will deepen the reform of the householdregistration system. This year, at least 13 million new urban residents will beregistered as permanent urban residents. We will speed up work to introduce theurban residence card system nationwide. We will support the development ofsmall and medium cities and small towns with distinctive local features. Wewill help a number of counties and very large towns that meet the criteria tosteadily develop into cities, and we will make city clusters better play theirrole in driving the development of their surrounding areas.

We will encourage local governments tointegrate their urban plans into single master plans and raise the standard ofmunicipal planning and design. We will take more steps to reform and developthe construction industry, and improve the quality of construction projects. Wewill promote coordinated urban development above and below the ground,strengthen geological surveying, and begin construction on at least another2,000 kilometers of underground utility tunnels in cities. A three-yearinitiative will be launched to remove the risk of flooding in highly vulnerableurban areas, further progress will be made in the development of sponge cities,and effective steps will be taken to address traffic congestion and other urbanmaladies. All these efforts will make our cities more attractive and functionbetter.

（四）以创新引领实体经济转型升级。实体经济从来都是我国发展的根基，当务之急是加快转型升级。要深入实施创新驱动发展战略，推动实体经济优化结构，不断提高质量、效益和竞争力。

4. Transforming and upgrading the realeconomy through innovation

The real economy has always been thefoundation of China’s development; the task we now face is to speed up itstransformation and upgrading. We will do more to implement the strategy ofinnovation-driven development, upgrade the structure of the real economy, andimprove its performance and competitiveness.

提升科技创新能力。完善对基础研究和原创性研究的长期稳定支持机制，建设国家重大科技基础设施和技术创新中心，打造科技资源开放共享平台。推进全面创新改革试验。改革科技评价制度。切实落实高校和科研院所自主权，落实股权期权和分红等激励政策，落实科研经费和项目管理制度改革，让科研人员不再为杂事琐事分心劳神。开展知识产权综合管理改革试点，完善知识产权创造、保护和运用体系。深化人才发展体制改革，实施更加有效的人才引进政策，广聚天下英才，充分激发科研人员积极性，定能成就创新大业。

We will strengthen our capability formaking technological innovations.

We will improve mechanisms for providingcontinued long-term support for fundamental research and original research,build major national infrastructure projects for science and technology and setup technological innovation hubs, and establish platforms for sharing R&Dresources.

We will continue piloting reforms forall-around innovation. We will reform the system for assessing scientific andtechnological achievements. We will see our universities and researchinstitutes truly operate with autonomy, ensure that incentive policies likestocks, options, and dividends are implemented, and implement the reform of thesystems for managing research funding and projects. These steps should keep ourscientists and engineers from being distracted and allow them to focus on theirresearch.

We will begin piloting reforms to conductintegrated management of intellectual property rights and improve the systemfor creating, protecting, and applying intellectual property rights.

We will deepen reform of China’s systemsfor cultivating talent and introduce more effective policies for bringing intalent from overseas. By welcoming the world’s brightest minds to China andfully motivating our scientists and engineers, we will use innovation toaccomplish great things.

加快培育壮大新兴产业。全面实施战略性新兴产业发展规划，加快新材料、新能源、人工智能、集成电路、生物制药、第五代移动通信等技术研发和转化，做大做强产业集群。支持和引导分享经济发展，提高社会资源利用效率，便利人民群众生活。本着鼓励创新、包容审慎原则，制定新兴产业监管规则，引导和促进新兴产业健康发展。深化统计管理体制改革，健全新兴产业统计。在互联网时代，各领域发展都需要速度更快、成本更低、安全性更高的信息网络。今年网络提速降费要迈出更大步伐，年内全部取消手机国内长途和漫游费，大幅降低中小企业互联网专线接入资费，降低国际长途电话费，推动“互联网+”深入发展、促进数字经济加快成长，让企业广泛受益、群众普遍受惠。

We will accelerate the development ofemerging industries.

We will fully implement our plan fordeveloping strategic emerging industries. We will accelerate R&D on andcommercialization of new materials, new energy, artificial intelligence,integrated circuits, bio-pharmacy, 5G mobile communications, and othertechnologies, and develop industrial clusters in these fields. We will continueto support and guide the development of the sharing economy to enable greaterefficiency in the use of resources and bring greater convenience to our people.We will formulate regulatory rules for emerging industries in keeping with theprinciple of encouraging innovation and conducting regulation in a tolerant andprudent way, and guide and promote the healthy development of emergingindustries. We will deepen reform of the statistics management system andimprove statistics on emerging industries.

In the age of the Internet, faster, safer,and more cost-effective information networks are crucial to the development ofevery sector. This year, we will do more to increase broadband speed and lowerrates for Internet services. Mobile rates for domestic roaming andlong-distance calls will be cancelled; rates for broadband services for smalland medium enterprises will be slashed; and rates for international calls willbe lowered. We will push forward with the Internet Plus action plan and speedup the development of the digital economy. I am confident that all these stepswill benefit both businesses and our people.

大力改造提升传统产业。深入实施《中国制造2025》，加快大数据、云计算、物联网应用，以新技术新业态新模式，推动传统产业生产、管理和营销模式变革。把发展智能制造作为主攻方向，推进国家智能制造示范区、制造业创新中心建设，深入实施工业强基、重大装备专项工程，大力发展先进制造业，推动中国制造向中高端迈进。完善制造强国建设政策体系，以多种方式支持技术改造，促进传统产业焕发新的蓬勃生机。

We will endeavor to transform and upgradetraditional industries.

We will intensify efforts to implement theMade in China 2025 initiative, promote accelerated application of big data,cloud computing, and the Internet of Things, and use new technologies, newforms of business, and new models to bring about transformation in theproduction, management, and marketing models of traditional industries.

With the development of smart manufacturingas our focus, we will press ahead with building national smart manufacturingdemonstration zones and manufacturing innovation centers. We will work hard onthe implementation of projects to build a robust foundation for industrialdevelopment and projects to develop and make major equipment, and we will makea big push to develop advanced manufacturing, thus moving toward mid- and high-endmanufacturing. We will improve policies designed to turn China into amanufacturer of quality, and we will adopt a variety of supportive measures fortechnological upgrading and re-energize traditional industries.

持续推进大众创业、万众创新。“双创”是以创业创新带动就业的有效方式，是推动新旧动能转换和经济结构升级的重要力量，是促进机会公平和社会纵向流动的现实渠道，要不断引向深入。新建一批“双创”示范基地，鼓励大企业和科研院所、高校设立专业化众创空间，加强对创新型中小微企业支持，打造面向大众的“双创”全程服务体系，使各类主体各展其长、线上线下良性互动，使小企业铺天盖地、大企业顶天立地，市场活力和社会创造力竞相迸发。

We will continue to encourage people tostart businesses and make innovations.

Our policy of encouraging people to startbusinesses and innovate is an effective way of creating jobs through businessstartups and innovation; it is an important source of strength that fosters newgrowth drivers to replace old ones and that upgrades the economic structure;and it is an effective channel for promoting equal opportunity and facilitatingvertical social mobility. We must keep on pushing hard with this policy.

We will establish more entrepreneurship andinnovation demonstration centers; we will encourage large enterprises, researchinstitutes, and universities to establish specialized spaces for crowdinnovation; we will strengthen support for innovative medium, small and microbusinesses; and we will develop a full range of services that are accessible tothe general public for the entire business startup and innovation process. Allthis should help entities to fully exploit their own strengths and interactboth on- and off-line, and see small enterprises burgeoning nationwide, largeenterprises growing mighty, and market dynamism and social creativity beingfully unleashed.

全面提升质量水平。广泛开展质量提升行动，加强全面质量管理，夯实质量技术基础，强化质量监督，健全优胜劣汰质量竞争机制。质量之魂，存于匠心。要大力弘扬工匠精神，厚植工匠文化，恪尽职业操守，崇尚精益求精，完善激励机制，培育众多“中国工匠”，打造更多享誉世界的“中国品牌”，推动中国经济发展进入质量时代。

We will take comprehensive steps to improveproduct quality.

We will take a broad range of actions toraise quality, strengthening all-around quality management, building firmtechnological foundations for product quality, tightening quality oversight,and improving the competitive mechanism that links a firm’s fate in business tothe quality of its products. Quality is born of workmanship. We will promoteworkmanship and foster a culture of workmanship where workers have a strongwork ethic and tirelessly seek improvement. We will refine our incentivemechanisms and see great numbers of Chinese workers exemplify workmanship andmore Chinese brands enjoy international recognition. We will usher in an era ofquality for economic development in China.

（五）促进农业稳定发展和农民持续增收。深入推进农业供给侧结构性改革，完善强农惠农政策，拓展农民就业增收渠道，保障国家粮食安全，推动农业现代化与新型城镇化互促共进，加快培育农业农村发展新动能。

5. Promoting steady development ofagriculture and continued increases in rural incomes

We will do more to advance supply-sidestructural reform in agriculture, improve policies to boost agriculture andbenefit farmers, and create more channels for rural residents to findemployment and increase their incomes. We will ensure China’s food security,see that agricultural modernization and new urbanization reinforce each other,and speed up efforts to foster new drivers powering agricultural and ruraldevelopment.

推进农业结构调整。引导农民根据市场需求发展生产，增加优质绿色农产品供给，扩大优质水稻、小麦生产，适度调减玉米种植面积，粮改饲试点面积扩大到1000万亩以上。鼓励多渠道消化玉米库存。支持主产区发展农产品精深加工，发展观光农业、休闲农业，拓展产业链价值链，打造农村一二三产业融合发展新格局。

We will push forward with structuraladjustment in agriculture.

We will guide farmers in responding tomarket demand, increasing the supply of quality green agricultural products andthe production of quality rice and wheat, and making appropriate reductions tothe amount of land devoted to growing corn. We will expand trials to replacegrain crop with feed crop cultivation to cover over 667,000 hectares. We willencourage the use of multiple channels to reduce excess stockpiles of corn. Wewill support major agricultural production areas in developing intensive processingof agricultural products, develop farm-based recreation or agritourism, extendindustry chains and value chains, and step up the integrated development ofprimary, secondary, and tertiary industries in rural areas.

加强现代农业建设。加快推进农产品标准化生产、品牌创建和保护，打造粮食生产功能区、重要农产品生产保护区、特色农产品优势区和现代农业产业园。推进土地整治，大力改造中低产田，推广旱作技术，新增高效节水灌溉面积2000万亩。加强耕地保护，改进占补平衡。发展多种形式适度规模经营，是中国特色农业现代化的必由之路，离不开农业保险有力保障。今年在13个粮食主产省选择部分县市，对适度规模经营农户实施大灾保险，调整部分财政救灾资金予以支持，提高保险覆盖面和理赔标准，完善农业再保险体系，以持续稳健的农业保险助力现代农业发展。

We will boost the development of modernagriculture.

We will work faster to see due standardsare followed in agricultural production, and promote the development andprotection of brand name agricultural products. We will create functional zonesfor grain production, major agricultural product protection areas, areas forgrowing quality and distinctively local agricultural products, and modernagriculture industrial parks. We will continue to improve rural land, upgradelow- and medium-yield cropland, and spread dry-farming techniques, adding 1.33million hectares of farmland under highly water-efficient irrigation. We willstrengthen the protection of cultivated land and improve work to offsetcultivated land used for other purposes.

Developing appropriately scaled,diversified farming operations is vital for Chinese-style agriculturalmodernization, and these operations need to be covered by agriculturalinsurance. This year, in selected counties and county-level cities in 13 majorgrain-producing provinces, we will provide catastrophe insurance for farmersengaging in appropriately scaled farming operations. We will channel a portionof budgetary disaster relief funds into this initiative and expand the coverageand raise the benefits of the insurance scheme. We will improve the agriculturalreinsurance system. We wish to use sustainable and sound agricultural insuranceschemes to drive the development of modern agriculture.

深化农村改革。稳步推进农村集体产权制度改革，深化农村土地制度改革试点，赋予农民更多财产权利。完善粮食等重要农产品价格形成机制和收储制度，推进农业水价综合改革。深化集体林权、国有林区林场、农垦、供销社等改革。加强农村基层组织建设。健全农村“双创”促进机制，培养更多新型职业农民，支持农民工返乡创业，进一步采取措施鼓励高校毕业生、退役军人、科技人员到农村施展才华。

We will deepen rural reforms.

We will take steady steps to reform therural collective property rights system and deepen the pilot reform of therural land system to see our farmers are granted more property rights.

We will improve pricing mechanisms forgrain and other important agricultural products as well as the system for theirpurchase and storage. We will carry out comprehensive reform of the pricing forwater used in agriculture. We will deepen reforms related to collective foresttenure, state forestry areas and farms, state-owned farms, and rural supply andmarketing cooperatives. We will strengthen the development of ruralcommunity-level organizations. We will improve the mechanisms for encouragingbusiness startups and innovation in rural areas, train more professionalfarmers of new kinds, support migrant workers in starting businesses in theirhometowns and villages, and take further measures to encourage college graduates,demobilized military personnel, and scientists and engineers to work in ruralareas.

加强农村公共设施建设。新建改建农村公路20万公里。实现农村稳定可靠供电服务和平原地区机井通电全覆盖。完成3万个行政村通光纤。提高农村饮水安全供水保证率。加大农村危房改造力度。深入推进农村人居环境整治，建设既有现代文明、又具田园风光的美丽乡村。

We will step up the development of publicfacilities in rural areas.

A total of 200,000 kilometers of roads willbe upgraded or built in rural areas. We will see that all rural areas have asteady and reliable supply of power and that all electric pumpsets on ruralflatlands are connected. Fiber-optic broadband will be extended to 30,000administrative villages. We will increase water supply to better ensure accessto safe drinking water. We will intensify efforts to renovate dilapidatedhouses and improve rural living environments. Our goal is to develop ruralChina into a place where people can enjoy both the beauty of the countrysideand the conveniences of modern living.

（六）积极主动扩大对外开放。面对国际环境新变化和国内发展新要求，要进一步完善对外开放战略布局，加快构建开放型经济新体制，推动更深层次更高水平的对外开放。

6. Actively expanding China’s opening up to the world

Faced with new changes in the internationalenvironment and the new requirements of China’s development, we need to furtherrefine our strategic plan for opening up, work faster to build new systems foran open economy, and drive China toward both deeper and higher level openingup.

扎实推进“一带一路”建设。坚持共商共建共享，加快陆上经济走廊和海上合作支点建设，构建沿线大通关合作机制。深化国际产能合作，带动我国装备、技术、标准、服务走出去，实现优势互补。加强教育、科技、文化、卫生、旅游等人文交流合作。高质量办好“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛，同奏合作共赢新乐章。

We will make solid efforts to pursue theBelt and Road Initiative.

Guided by the principle of achieving sharedgrowth through consultation and collaboration, we will accelerate the buildingof overland economic corridors and maritime cooperation hubs, and establishcooperative mechanisms for achieving compatibility in customs clearanceprocedures along the routes. We will deepen international industrial-capacitycooperation, promoting the export of Chinese equipment, technologies,standards, and services, to see that China and other countries are able to drawon each other’s strengths. We will strengthen personal and cultural exchanges andcooperation in education, science and technology, culture, healthcare, andtourism. We will see that in holding the Belt and Road Forum for InternationalCooperation we offer a meeting of real quality, opening the page on a great newchapter of mutually beneficial cooperation.

促进外贸继续回稳向好。落实和完善进出口政策，推动优进优出。扩大出口信用保险覆盖面，对成套设备出口融资应保尽保。推进服务贸易创新发展试点，设立服务贸易创新发展引导基金。支持市场采购贸易、外贸综合服务企业发展。加快外贸转型升级示范基地建设。促进加工贸易向产业链中高端延伸、向中西部地区梯度转移。推广国际贸易“单一窗口”，实现全国通关一体化。增加先进技术、设备和关键零部件进口，促进贸易平衡发展和国内产业加快升级。

We will ensure that foreign trade continuesto pick up and register steady growth.

We will implement and improve our importand export policies and optimize imports and exports. We will expand thecoverage of export credit insurance and provide export financing insurance forall insurable complete sets of large equipment. We will move ahead with trialsto develop services trade through innovation and establish a seed fund toencourage innovation to develop services trade.

We will support the development of marketprocurement trade and integrated foreign trade service firms. We willaccelerate the development of demonstration centers for transforming andupgrading foreign trade. We will facilitate the extension of processing tradeto the medium-high end of industrial chains and its relocation to central andwestern regions.

We will extend the practice of processinginternational trade through a single window, and achieve nationwide integrationof customs clearance procedures. The import of advanced technologies,equipment, and important parts and components will be increased to promote thebalanced growth of foreign trade and accelerate industrial upgrading in China.

大力优化外商投资环境。修订外商投资产业指导目录，进一步放宽服务业、制造业、采矿业外资准入。支持外商投资企业在国内上市、发债，允许参与国家科技计划项目。在资质许可、标准制定、政府采购、享受《中国制造2025》政策等方面，对内外资企业一视同仁。地方政府可在法定权限范围内，制定出台招商引资优惠政策。高标准高水平建设11个自贸试验区，全面推广成熟经验。引导对外投资健康规范发展，提升风险防范能力。中国开放的大门会越开越大，必将继续成为最富吸引力的外商投资目的地。

We will make big moves to improve theenvironment for foreign investors.

We will revise the catalog of industriesopen to foreign investment, and make service industries, manufacturing, andmining more open to foreign investment. We will encourage foreign-investedfirms to be listed and issue bonds in China and allow them to take part innational science and technology projects. Foreign firms will be treated thesame as domestic firms when it comes to license applications,standards-setting, and government procurement, and will enjoy the samepreferential policies under the Made in China 2025 initiative.

Local governments can, within the scope ofthe powers granted them by law, adopt preferential policies to attract foreigninvestment. We will build 11 high-standard pilot free trade zones, and widelyspread practices developed in these zones that are proven to work. We willguide the sound and standardized development of Chinese overseas investment,and increase the ability of Chinese companies to hedge against risks. China’sdoor is going to keep on opening wider, and China will keep working to be themost attractive destination for foreign investment.

推进国际贸易和投资自由化便利化。经济全球化符合世界各国的根本利益。中国将坚定不移推动全球经济合作，维护多边贸易体制主渠道地位，积极参与多边贸易谈判。我们愿与有关国家一道，推动中国－东盟自贸区升级议定书全面生效实施，早日结束区域全面经济伙伴关系协定谈判，推进亚太自贸区建设。继续与有关国家和地区商谈投资贸易协定。中国是负责任的国家，作出的承诺一直认真履行，应有的权益将坚决捍卫。

We will promote the liberalization andfacilitation of international trade and investment.

Economic globalization is in thefundamental interests of all countries. China will not shift in its commitmentto promoting global economic cooperation, will uphold the multilateral tradingregime as the main channel of international trade, and will play an active partin multilateral trade negotiations. China is ready to join hands with the othercountries involved to fully put into force and implement the Protocol to Amendthe Framework Agreement on Comprehensive Economic Cooperation between China andASEAN, to conclude talks as soon as possible for the Regional ComprehensiveEconomic Partnership agreement, and to advance the development of the FreeTrade Area of the Asia-Pacific. We will continue to negotiate investment andtrade agreements with relevant countries and regions.

China is a responsible country. We havealways striven to honor the commitments we have made, and we will firmly defendour due rights and interests.

（七）加大生态环境保护治理力度。加快改善生态环境特别是空气质量，是人民群众的迫切愿望，是可持续发展的内在要求。必须科学施策、标本兼治、铁腕治理，努力向人民群众交出合格答卷。

7. Effectively strengthening environmentalprotection

Faster progress in work to improve theenvironment, particularly air quality, is what people are desperately hopingfor, and is critical to sustainable development. We must adopt well-designedpolicies, tackle both symptoms and root causes, and take tough steps to makethe grade in responding to the people.

坚决打好蓝天保卫战。今年二氧化硫、氮氧化物排放量要分别下降3%，重点地区细颗粒物（PM2.5）浓度明显下降。一要加快解决燃煤污染问题。全面实施散煤综合治理，推进北方地区冬季清洁取暖，完成以电代煤、以气代煤300万户以上，全部淘汰地级以上城市建成区燃煤小锅炉。加大燃煤电厂超低排放和节能改造力度，东中部地区要分别于今明两年完成，西部地区于2020年完成。抓紧解决机制和技术问题，优先保障清洁能源发电上网，有效缓解弃水、弃风、弃光状况。安全高效发展核电。加快秸秆综合利用。二要全面推进污染源治理。开展重点行业污染治理专项行动。对所有重点工业污染源实行24小时在线监控，确保监控质量。明确排放不达标企业最后达标时限，到期不达标的坚决依法关停。三要强化机动车尾气治理。基本淘汰黄标车，加快淘汰老旧机动车，对高排放机动车进行专项整治，鼓励使用清洁能源汽车。提高燃油品质，在重点区域加快推广使用国六标准燃油。四要有效应对重污染天气。加强对大气污染的源解析和雾霾形成机理研究，提高应对的科学性和精准性。扩大重点区域联防联控范围，强化预警和应急措施。五要严格环境执法和督查问责。对偷排、造假的，必须依法惩治；对执法不力、姑息纵容的，必须严肃追究；对空气质量恶化、应对不力的，必须严格问责。治理雾霾人人有责，贵在行动、成在坚持。全社会不懈努力，蓝天必定会一年比一年多起来。

We will make our skies blue again.

This year, we will see that sulfur dioxideand nitrogen oxide emissions are both cut by 3 percent and that fineparticulate matter (PM2.5) density in key areas falls markedly.

First, we will work faster to addresspollution caused by coal burning. We will take comprehensive steps to reducenon-centralized coal burning operations, promote clean winter heating in thenorthern region, replace the use of coal with electricity and natural gas inmore than 3 million households, and shut down all small coal-fired furnaces inestablished districts of cities at the prefectural level and above.

We will step up work on upgradingcoal-fired power plants to achieve ultra-low emissions and energy conservation.Upgrading should be completed this year in the eastern region, next year in thecentral region, and by 2020 in the western region. We will act quickly toimprove our mechanisms and technologies, enabling us to prioritize theintegration of clean energy sources into the electric grid and effectivelyaddress wasted hydro-, wind- and solar-power generation capacities. We willdevelop nuclear power in a safe and highly efficient way. We will also workfaster to make comprehensive use of straw.

Second, we will take a full range ofmeasures to tackle the sources of pollution. We will take focused actions tocurb pollution in key industries. We will place all key sources of industrialpollution under round-the-clock online monitoring, and ensure the quality ofmonitoring. We will set a clear deadline by which enterprises must meetrequired discharge standards, and take resolute law-based action to close downall those that still fail to meet standards after the deadline.

Third, we will strengthen control overexhaust emitted by motor vehicles. We will see that basically allhigher-emission vehicles are scrapped, work faster to take old vehicles off theroads, carry out dedicated initiatives to deal with high-emission vehicles, andencourage the use of clean-energy cars. We will improve the quality of fuelsand move faster to promote the use of those that meet National-VI emissionstandards in key areas.

Fourth, we will take effective steps totackle heavy air pollution. We will strengthen analysis of sources of airpollution and research on the causes of smog to improve the scientific basisand precision of the steps taken. We will expand the coverage of mechanisms inkey areas to ensure coordinated prevention and control efforts across regions,and enhance early warning and emergency response measures.

Fifth, we will strictly enforce environmentallaws and regulations, conduct inspections, and hold violators accountable.Illegal dischargers and fraud must be punished in accordance with law.Officials who do a poor job in enforcing the law, knowingly allow environmentalviolations, or respond inadequately to worsening air quality will be held fullyaccountable.

Tackling smog is down to every last one ofus, and success depends on action and commitment. As long as the whole of oursociety keeps trying, we will have more and more blue skies with each passingyear.

强化水、土壤污染防治。今年化学需氧量、氨氮排放量要分别下降2%。抓好重点流域、区域、海域水污染和农业面源污染防治。开展土壤污染详查，分类制定实施治理措施。加强城乡环境综合整治，倡导绿色生活方式，普遍推行垃圾分类制度。培育壮大节能环保产业，发展绿色再制造和资源循环利用产业，使环境改善与经济发展实现双赢。

We will strengthen the prevention andcontrol of water and soil pollution.

This year, chemical oxygen demand andammonia nitrogen emissions should both drop by 2 percent. We will effectivelyprevent and control water pollution in key drainage basins, regions, and seaareas and agricultural pollution from non-point sources. We will undertakerigorous investigations on soil pollution and develop and implementcategory-based measures to tackle this problem. We will take comprehensivemeasures to improve both urban and rural environments, advocate green living,and promote waste sorting. We will strengthen energy conservation andenvironmental protection industries and develop green remanufacturing andcircular industries to ensure both environmental improvement and economicgrowth.

推进生态保护和建设。抓紧划定并严守生态保护红线。积极应对气候变化。启动森林质量提升、长江经济带重大生态修复、第二批山水林田湖生态保护工程试点，完成退耕还林还草1200万亩以上，加强荒漠化、石漠化治理，积累更多生态财富，构筑可持续发展的绿色长城。

We will move forward with ecologicalconservation and improvement.

We will act promptly to set redlines forecological conservation and hold firm to these lines. We will work actively torespond to climate change. We will begin to pilot projects to improve thequality of our forests and restore ecosystems along the Yangtze Economic Belt,and launch the second group of trial projects to conserve the ecosystems ofmountains, forests, farmland, rivers, and lakes. We will turn more than 800,000hectares of marginal farmland into forests or grassland. We will address thespread of desertification and stony deserts. These initiatives will enable usto accumulate more ecological wealth and build a green Great Wall ofsustainable development.

（八）推进以保障和改善民生为重点的社会建设。民生是为政之要，必须时刻放在心头、扛在肩上。在当前国内外形势严峻复杂的情况下，更要优先保障和改善民生，该办能办的实事要竭力办好，基本民生的底线要坚决兜牢。

8. Promoting social development to ensureand improve the wellbeing of our people

The wellbeing of the people is at thecenter of governance; it must be always on our minds and the responsibility forit must never leave our shoulders. Against the backdrop of challenging andcomplex environments both at home and abroad, it is all the more imperativethat we prioritize efforts to ensure and improve the wellbeing of our people,spare no effort to deliver benefit to them wherever possible, and ensure theirbasic living needs are met.

大力促进就业创业。完善就业政策，加大就业培训力度，加强对灵活就业、新就业形态的支持。今年高校毕业生795万人，再创历史新高，要实施好就业促进、创业引领、基层成长等计划，促进多渠道就业创业。落实和完善政策，切实做好退役军人安置工作。加大就业援助力度，扶持城镇困难人员、残疾人就业，确保零就业家庭至少有一人稳定就业。我们必须牢牢抓住就业这一民生之本，让人们在劳动中创造财富，在奋斗中实现人生价值。

We will strive to boost employment andbusiness startups.

We will improve employment policy,strengthen employment training, and increase support for flexible employmentand new forms of employment.

This year, 7.95 million students willgraduate from college, the highest number on record. We need to effectivelyimplement initiatives to promote their employment, to guide them in startingbusinesses, and to encourage them to work at the community level, providing ourcollege graduates with multiple channels to find jobs or start their ownbusinesses. We will implement and improve policies and see that demobilizedmilitary personnel are settled into new jobs. We will step up employmentassistance to help vulnerable urban residents and people with disabilities findemployment and to ensure that at least one member in every family currentlywith zero employment secures a stable job.

Employment is crucial to ensuring people’swellbeing. We will focus our effort on facilitating employment to see thatthrough their hard work, people can create wealth and realize their fullpotential.

办好公平优质教育。统一城乡义务教育学生“两免一补”政策，加快实现城镇义务教育公共服务常住人口全覆盖，持续改善薄弱我司办学条件，扩大优质教育资源覆盖面，不断缩小城乡、区域、校际办学差距。继续扩大重点高校面向贫困地区农村招生规模。提高博士研究生国家助学金补助标准。推进世界一流大学和一流学科建设。继续推动部分本科高校向应用型转变。深化高考综合改革试点。加快发展现代职业教育。加强民族教育，办好特殊教育、继续教育、学前教育和老年教育。支持和规范民办教育发展。加强教师队伍建设。制定实施《中国教育现代化2030》。我们要发展人民满意的教育，以教育现代化支撑国家现代化，使更多孩子成就梦想、更多家庭实现希望。

We will work to ensure that our people haveaccess to equitable and quality education.

We will combine the separate policies forrural and urban students receiving compulsory education that waive tuition and miscellaneousfees, supply free textbooks, and grant living allowances for boarders fromfinancially disadvantaged families. We will make compulsory educationaccessible as a public service to all permanent urban residents, with andwithout local urban household registration. We will continue to improveconditions in badly built and poorly operated schools, and expand the reach ofquality educational resources, so as to narrow the gap in the quality ofeducation between urban and rural areas, different regions, and differentschools.

We will continue to expand the enrollmentof students from poor rural areas at key colleges and universities. We willincrease government grants for PhD students. We will strengthen efforts todevelop more world-class universities and first-class fields of discipline. Wewill continue to encourage some undergraduate institutions to shift their focustoward providing applied education.

We will pilot comprehensive reform of thecollege entrance examination system; accelerate the development of modernvocational education; ensure ethnic minorities improve their education; andmake sure that we have good special needs education, continuing education,preschool education, and education for senior citizens. We will support the developmentof private education and work to ensure it meets all relevant standards. Wewill work to improve teacher performance. The Modernizing Chinese Education2030 initiative will be developed and launched. We will develop education thatsatisfies the needs of our people, make the modernization of education underpinthe modernization of our country, and see that more children realize theirdreams and more families have their hopes fulfilled.

推进健康中国建设。城乡居民医保财政补助由每人每年420元提高到450元，同步提高个人缴费标准，扩大用药保障范围。在全国推进医保信息联网，实现异地就医住院费用直接结算。完善大病保险制度，提高保障水平。全面启动多种形式的医疗联合体建设试点，三级公立医院要全部参与并发挥引领作用，建立促进优质医疗资源上下贯通的考核和激励机制，增强基层服务能力，方便群众就近就医。分级诊疗试点和家庭签约服务扩大到85%以上地市。做好健康促进，继续提高基本公共卫生服务经费补助标准，加强疾病预防体系和慢性病防控体系建设。及时公开透明有效应对公共卫生事件。保护和调动医务人员积极性。构建和谐医患关系。适应实施全面两孩政策，加强生育医疗保健服务。依法支持中医药事业发展。食品药品安全事关人民健康，必须管得严而又严。要完善监管体制机制，充实基层监管力量，夯实各方责任，坚持源头控制、产管并重、重典治乱，坚决把好人民群众饮食用药安全的每一道关口。

We will make continued progress in buildinga Healthy China.

We will increase both government subsidiesfor basic health insurance for rural and nonworking urban residents from 420 to450 yuan per person per annum and personal contributions, and will expand thescope of this insurance to cover more medicines. We will accelerate thebuilding of a nationwide information network for basic health insurance so thathealthcare costs can be settled directly where incurred. We will improve themajor disease insurance system and increase insurance benefits for subscribers.

We will launch nationwide trials toestablish partnerships of different forms between medical institutionsoperating at different levels. All municipal-level public hospitals will beexpected to participate and play a leading role in this initiative. We willestablish performance evaluation and incentive mechanisms that encourage thecoordinated use of quality medical resources with a view to improving thecapacity of community hospitals and conveniencing people by enabling access tomedical services closer to home. We will extend trials to use a tiereddiagnosis and treatment model and a contracted family doctor service system tocover over 85 percent of prefectural-level cities in China.

In promoting better health, we willcontinue to increase government subsidies for funding basic public healthservices and strengthen the development of the disease prevention system andthe chronic disease prevention and control system. We will respond to publichealth accidents promptly, publicly, and effectively. We will work to ensurethat medical practitioners remain motivated and that interactions betweendoctor and patient are amicable. As the policy of allowing couples to have twochildren has been adopted, we need to strengthen our maternity medical andhealthcare services. We will support the development of traditional Chinesemedicine on the basis of law.

The safety of food and medicine isimportant to the health of our people and therefore demands regulation of theutmost rigor. With this in mind, we will improve the related regulatory systemand mechanisms, and strengthen regulatory agencies on the ground. We willensure that responsibilities are fully assumed by all those involved; and wewill exercise regulation that starts with the source, place equal emphasis onregulation over production and management, and see that serious violations areseverely penalized. We will be firm in doing all we can to ensure the safety offood and medicine for our people.

织密扎牢民生保障网。继续提高退休人员基本养老金，确保按时足额发放。稳步提高优抚、社会救助标准，实施好临时救助制度。调整完善自然灾害生活补助机制，全部完成去年洪涝灾害中倒损民房的恢复重建。加强农村留守儿童关爱保护和城乡困境儿童保障。关心帮助军烈属和孤寡老人。全面落实残疾人“两项补贴”制度。县级政府要建立基本生活保障协调机制，切实做好托底工作，使困难群众心里有温暖、生活有奔头。综合运用法律、行政、经济等手段，锲而不舍解决好农民工工资拖欠问题，决不允许他们的辛勤付出得不到应有回报。

We will weave a strong safety net to ensurepeople’s wellbeing.

We will continue raising basic pensionpayments and see they are paid on time and in full. Standards for benefits forentitled groups and social assistance benefits will be steadily raised, and theemergency aid system will be fully implemented. We will adjust and improve thenatural disaster subsidy mechanism, and finish the rebuilding of all housesdamaged during flooding last year.

We will strengthen efforts to ensure thecare and protection of children who remain in rural areas while their parentswork away in the cities and provide support for children living in difficultconditions in both rural and urban areas. We will provide care and assistanceto the families of military personnel and revolutionary martyrs and elderlypeople who live alone. We will achieve full coverage in providing livingallowances for people with disabilities in financial difficulty and nursingcare subsidies for people with severe disabilities.

County-level governments must put in placecoordination mechanisms for meeting people’s most basic needs. They must makesure there is a social cushion in place, letting those in real need feelsupport is there and see hope up ahead. We will use a combination of legal,administrative, and economic means to continue resolving the problem of wagearrears for migrant workers, never allowing their hard work to go unpaid.

发展文化事业和文化产业。加强社会主义精神文明建设，坚持用中国梦和社会主义核心价值观凝聚共识、汇聚力量，坚定文化自信。繁荣发展哲学社会科学和文学艺术创作，发展新闻出版、广播影视、档案等事业。建设中国特色新型智库。实施中华优秀传统文化传承发展工程，加强文物和非物质文化遗产保护利用。大力推动全民阅读，加强科学普及。提高基本公共文化服务均等化水平。加快培育文化产业，加强文化市场监管，净化网络环境。深化中外人文交流，推动中华文化走出去。做好冬奥会、冬残奥会筹办工作，统筹群众体育、竞技体育、体育产业发展，广泛开展全民健身，使更多人享受运动快乐、拥有健康体魄。人民身心健康、乐观向上，国家必将充满生机活力。

We will develop cultural programs andindustries.

We will foster stronger observance ofsocialist cultural and ethical standards, and continue to use the Chinese Dreamand core socialist values to build consensus, pool energy, and strengthen ourpeople’s confidence in Chinese culture. We will work to ensure that philosophy,the social sciences, art, and literature develop and thrive, and promote thedevelopment of the press, publishing, radio, television, film, and archiving.We will develop new types of think tanks with distinctive Chinese features. Wewill implement the programs to keep fine traditional Chinese culture thrivingand see that China’s cultural relics and intangible cultural heritage receiveeffective protection and play fuller roles. We will work hard to foster a loveof reading in our people and enable them to learn more about science.

We will make basic public cultural servicesmore equitable. We will speed up our work to develop cultural industries,strengthen regulation over cultural markets, and foster a healthy cyberspaceenvironment. We will deepen personal and cultural exchanges with othercountries and do more to share Chinese culture with other countries. We willmake full preparations for the 2022 Winter Olympic Games and Paralympic Gamesin Beijing. We will promote coordinated development of recreational andcompetitive sports and sports industries, and launch extensive Fitness-for-Allinitiatives so that more people will enjoy sports and stay fit and healthy.When its people are healthy and optimistic, a country will certainly be full ofvitality.

推动社会治理创新。健全基层群众自治制度，加强城乡社区治理。充分发挥工会、共青团、妇联等群团组织作用。改革完善社会组织管理制度，依法推进公益和慈善事业健康发展，促进专业社会工作、志愿服务发展。切实保障妇女、儿童、老人、残疾人合法权益。加快社会信用体系建设。加强法治宣传教育和法律服务。落实信访工作责任制，依法及时就地解决群众合理诉求。深化平安中国建设，健全立体化信息化社会治安防控体系，严厉打击暴力恐怖活动，依法惩治黑恶势力犯罪、毒品犯罪和盗窃、抢劫、电信网络诈骗、侵犯个人信息等多发性犯罪，维护国家安全和社会稳定。严格规范公正文明执法，大力整治社会治安突出问题，全方位提高人民群众安全感。

We will explore new forms of socialgovernance.

We will improve the system of primary levelself-governance and strengthen community governance in both urban and ruralareas. We will see that trade unions, Communist Youth League organizations,women’s federations, and other people’s organizations fully play their roles.We will reform and improve the system for regulating social organizations, promotethe healthy development of public-interest activities and charity on the basisof law, and promote specialized social work and volunteer services.

The legitimate rights and interests ofwomen, children, the elderly, and people with disabilities will be effectivelyprotected. We will move faster to improve the social credit system, and work toheighten public awareness of rule of law and strengthen legal services. We willenforce the responsibility system for handling public complaints and see that justifieddemands are addressed promptly and locally in accordance with law.

We will continue to pursue the PeacefulChina initiative, improve the multidimensional, IT-based crime prevention andcontrol system, crack down hard on violent terrorist activities, and punishorganized crime, drug-related crime, and common crimes like theft, robbery,telecommunications and online fraud, and infringement of personal information,thus upholding China’s national security and social stability. We will work tosee that law is enforced in a strict, standardized, fair, and civil way,address prominent problems that endanger public security, and takecomprehensive measures to ensure the security of our people.

人命关天，安全至上。必须持之以恒抓好安全生产。加强安全基础设施建设，做好地震、气象、测绘、地质等工作。严格安全生产责任制，全面落实企业主体责任、地方属地管理责任、部门监管责任，坚决遏制重特大事故发生，切实保障人民群众生命财产安全。

We will ensure workplace safety and protectpeople’s lives.

We must work with tireless dedication toensure workplace safety. We will strengthen the development of safetyinfrastructure, and ensure the quality of work related to seismology,meteorology, surveying, mapping, and geology. To curb the occurrence of seriousand major accidents and protect the lives and property of our people, we willstrictly enforce the workplace safety responsibility system, and see that allresponsibilities are fulfilled, namely, the primary responsibility of theenterprise itself, the regulatory responsibility of the government in thelocality where the enterprise is located, and the oversight responsibility of therelevant government department.

（九）全面加强政府自身建设。要坚持党的领导，牢固树立“四个意识”，坚决维护以习近平同志为核心的党中央权威，自觉在思想上政治上行动上同党中央保持高度一致，加快转变政府职能、提高行政效能，更好为人民服务。

9. Strengthening the all-around improvementof government

We must uphold leadership by the Party,willingly maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, uphold theleadership core, and keep in alignment. We should firmly uphold the authorityof the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core; closelyfollow the Central Committee in terms of thinking, political stand, and action;and speed up efforts to transform government functions and improve governmentperformance so as to deliver better services to the people.

坚持依法全面履职。各级政府及其工作人员要深入贯彻全面依法治国要求，严格遵守宪法，尊崇法治、敬畏法律、依法行政，建设法治政府。加大政务公开力度。坚持科学决策、民主决策、依法决策，广泛听取各方面意见包括批评意见。各级政府要依法接受同级人大及其常委会的监督，自觉接受人民政协的民主监督，主动接受社会和舆论监督，认真听取人大代表、政协委员、民主党派、工商联、无党派人士和各人民团体的意见。作为人民政府，所有工作都要体现人民意愿、维护人民利益、接受人民监督。

We will continue to work to see thatgovernment functions are fully carried out in accordance with law.

Governments at all levels and allgovernment employees must meet every requirement for fully advancing China’slaw-based governance. We must strictly observe the Constitution; we must holdthe rule of law in the highest esteem; we must hold the law in reverence; wemust conduct administration in accordance with law, and we must build a rule oflaw government. We will make government operations more transparent. We willensure that policies are made in a sound and democratic way on the basis oflaw; and we will widely solicit input and criticism from all interested partiesin policy making.

We at all levels of government must subjectourselves, as required by law, to oversight by people’s congresses and theirstanding committees at the corresponding levels, to the democratic oversight ofCPPCC committees, and to public oversight and oversight through public opinion.We should willingly solicit input from deputies to people’s congresses, membersof CPPCC committees, other political parties, chambers of commerce, publicfigures without party affiliation, and people’s organizations. As ours is agovernment of the people, all of our work must reflect their will, safeguardtheir interests, and be placed under their oversight.

始终保持廉洁本色。要认真落实全面从严治党要求，把党风廉政建设和反腐败工作不断引向深入。坚决贯彻落实党中央八项规定精神，一以贯之纠正“四风”。加强行政监察和审计监督。保持惩治腐败高压态势，聚焦重点领域，严肃查处侵害群众利益的不正之风和腐败问题。广大公务员要持廉守正，干干净净为人民做事。

We will maintain ethical conduct and moralintegrity at all times.

We will continue to make every effort tofully strengthen Party self-governance, improve Party conduct and moralintegrity, and effectively combat corruption. We will act with firm resolve toimplement the Party Central Committee’s eight-point decision on improving Partyand government conduct, and make continued efforts to correct formalism,bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance.

We will strengthen administrativesupervision and auditing-based oversight. We will continue to maintain a toughstance against corruption. With the focus on key areas, we will conduct fullinvestigations into and punish corruption and other forms of misconduct thatundermine people’s interests. All public servants must have integrity, beupright, and get on honestly with their jobs of serving the people.

勤勉尽责干事创业。中国改革发展的巨大成就是广大干部群众实干出来的，再创新业绩还得靠实干。各级政府及其工作人员要干字当头，真抓实干、埋头苦干、结合实际创造性地干，不能简单以会议贯彻会议、以文件落实文件，不能纸上谈兵、光说不练。要充分发挥中央和地方两个积极性，鼓励地方因地制宜、大胆探索，竞相推动科学发展。严格执行工作责任制，特别是对重点任务，要铆紧各方责任、层层传导压力，确保不折不扣落实到位。强化督查问责，严厉整肃庸政懒政怠政行为，坚决治理政务失信。健全激励机制和容错纠错机制，给干事者鼓劲，为担当者撑腰。广大干部要主动作为、动真碰硬，与人民群众同心协力，以实干推动发展，以实干赢得未来。

We will perform with a strong work ethic,sense of responsibility, and enterprising spirit.

China’s remarkable achievements in reformand development are the work of officials and the people; the only way to makenew achievements is more hard work. Governments at all levels and allgovernment employees must make it our priority to get things done. Inperforming duties, we should work hard, in a down-to-earth way; and we shouldbe innovative as actual conditions allow. Implementing decisions made atmeetings of higher-level authorities and contained in the documents they issuedoes not mean just holding more meetings and issuing more documents. It’s nogood to just push paper and pay lip service.

We need to keep both the central governmentand local governments fully motivated, and encourage local governments to workaccording to local circumstances and be bold in their explorations, so thattogether we are all promoting sustainable and balanced development. We willstrictly enforce the responsibility systems, particularly those forimplementing key tasks. We must see responsibilities are fulfilled withoutfail, that pressure is felt at every level of government, and thatimplementation is carried out to the letter.

We will strengthen oversight andaccountability, take tough steps to address incompetence, inertia, andnegligence, and resolvedly address failures to act in good faith in governmentwork. We will improve mechanisms that give incentives and allow for and addressmistakes so as to support those who are dedicated to their work and standbehind those who live up to their responsibilities.

Every one of us in government must take anactive approach to our work and have the courage to tackle the toughest problems;we must work closely with the people, using concrete action to make progress indevelopment, and using genuine hard work to realize a bright future.

各位代表！

Esteemed Deputies,

我国是统一的多民族国家。要坚持和完善民族区域自治制度，认真贯彻党的民族政策，深入开展民族团结进步创建活动。组织好内蒙古自治区成立70周年庆祝活动。加大对民族地区发展支持力度，深入实施兴边富民行动，保护和发展少数民族优秀传统文化，扶持人口较少民族发展，推动各族人民在全面建成小康社会进程中实现共同发展繁荣。各民族和睦相处、和衷共济、和谐发展，中华民族大家庭必将更加幸福安康。

China is a unified country of many ethnicgroups. We will uphold and improve the system of regional ethnic autonomy,fully implement the Party’s policies concerning ethnic groups, and intensifyour efforts to foster ethnic unity and progress. We will make sure celebrationsto mark the 70th anniversary of the founding of the Inner Mongolia AutonomousRegion are a great success.

We will increase support for development inareas inhabited mainly by ethnic minorities. We will deepen efforts to boostdevelopment in the border regions to benefit the people living there. We willprotect and develop the fine traditional cultures of ethnic minorities andsupport the growth of ethnic groups with smaller populations. We will encouragepeople of all China’s ethnic groups to develop together and thrive together inthe course of finishing the building of a society that is moderately prosperousin all respects. With people of all our ethnic groups living together infriendship, sharing in a common cause, and developing in harmony, the bigfamily of the Chinese nation will enjoy more happiness.

我们要全面贯彻党的宗教工作基本方针，依法管理宗教事务，促进宗教关系和谐，发挥宗教界人士和信教群众在促进经济社会发展中的积极作用。

We will fully implement the Party’sfundamental policy on religion, manage religious affairs in accordance withlaw, promote harmonious relations between religions, and encourage religiousleaders and believers to actively involve themselves in promoting economic andsocial development.

我们要认真落实侨务政策，保障海外侨胞和归侨侨眷合法权益，充分发挥他们的独特优势和重要作用，海内外中华儿女的凝聚力和向心力必将不断增强。

We will fully implement government policiesrelated to overseas Chinese nationals, protect the legitimate rights andinterests of overseas Chinese nationals, Chinese nationals who have returnedfrom overseas, and the relatives of overseas Chinese nationals who reside inChina, and ensure that they can all give full play to their unique strengthsand perform their important roles. I am confident that all the sons anddaughters of the Chinese nation, both in and outside China, will forge strongerbonds of attachment.

各位代表！

Esteemed Deputies,

过去一年，国防和军队改革取得重大突破，军队革命化现代化正规化建设取得新进展新成就。新的一年，我们要继续坚持以党在新形势下的强军目标为引领，推进政治建军、改革强军、依法治军，强化练兵备战，坚决有效维护国家主权、安全、发展利益。坚持党对军队的绝对领导，维护和贯彻军委主席负责制。持续深化国防和军队改革。强化海空边防管控，周密组织反恐维稳、国际维和、远海护航等重要行动。提高国防科技自主创新能力，加快现代后勤建设和装备发展。加强全民国防教育、国防动员和后备力量建设。促进经济建设和国防建设协调、平衡、兼容发展，深化国防科技工业体制改革，推动军民融合深度发展。各级政府要以更加扎实有力的举措，支持国防和军队改革建设，让军政军民团结之树根深、枝繁、叶茂！

Last year, we achieved major breakthroughsin the reform of national defense and the armed forces and made fresh progressand new achievements in our work to make the military more revolutionary,modern, and well-structured.

This year, in pursuing the Party’s goal ofstrengthening the armed forces in a new era, we will work to build them throughpolitical work, strengthen them through reform, and ensure they are run by law.We will boost military training and preparedness, so as to ensure that thesovereignty, security, and development interests of China are resolutely andeffectively safeguarded.

We will uphold the Party’s absoluteleadership over the armed forces and uphold and implement the system wherebythe Chairman of the Central Military Commission assumes overall responsibilityover military affairs.

We will continue to deepen reforms innational defense and the armed forces. We will strengthen maritime and airdefense as well as border control and ensure that important operations relatedto countering terrorism, safeguarding stability, international peacekeeping,and providing escort in high seas are well organized.

We will enhance our capacity for innovationin defense-related science and technology and step up the development ofadvanced logistics and equipment. We will strengthen national defense educationamong the general public, and step up national defense mobilization andreadiness of reserve forces. We will continue to promote coordinated, balanced,and compatible development of the economy and national defense, deepenstructural reform of defense-related science and technology industries, andintensify military-civilian integration.

We at every level of government should takemore solid and vigorous steps to support the reform and development of ournational defense and armed forces. We should see that the tree of unity betweenthe military and the government and between the military and the peoplecontinues to grow deep roots and is always in blossom.

各位代表！

Esteemed Deputies,

我们要继续全面准确贯彻“一国两制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方针，严格依照宪法和基本法办事，确保“一国两制”在香港、澳门实践不动摇、不走样、不变形。全力支持香港、澳门特别行政区行政长官和政府依法施政，发展经济、改善民生、推进民主、促进和谐。“港独”是没有出路的。要推动内地与港澳深化合作，研究制定粤港澳大湾区城市群发展规划，发挥港澳独特优势，提升在国家经济发展和对外开放中的地位与功能。我们对香港、澳门保持长期繁荣稳定始终充满信心。

We will continue to implement, both to theletter and in spirit, the principle of “one country, two systems,” under whichthe people of Hong Kong govern Hong Kong, the people of Macao govern Macao, andboth regions enjoy a high degree of autonomy. We will continue to act in strictcompliance with China’s Constitution and the basic laws of the Hong Kong andMacao special administrative regions; and we will ensure that the principle of“one country, two systems” is steadfastly applied in Hong Kong and Macao withoutbeing bent or distorted.

The chief executives and governments of thetwo regions have our full support in exercising law-based governance, growingtheir economies, improving people’s wellbeing, advancing democracy, andpromoting social harmony. The notion of Hong Kong independence will leadnowhere.

We will promote closer cooperation betweenthe mainland and Hong Kong and Macao. We will draw up a plan for thedevelopment of a city cluster in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater BayArea, give full play to the distinctive strengths of Hong Kong and Macao, andelevate their positions and roles in China’s economic development and openingup. We have always had full confidence about ensuring lasting prosperity andstability in Hong Kong and Macao.

我们要深入贯彻对台工作大政方针，坚持一个中国原则，维护“九二共识”共同政治基础，维护国家主权和领土完整，维护两岸关系和平发展和台海和平稳定。坚决反对和遏制“台独”分裂活动，绝不允许任何人以任何形式、任何名义把台湾从祖国分裂出去。要持续推进两岸经济社会融合发展，为台湾同胞尤其是青年在大陆学习、就业、创业、生活提供更多便利。两岸同胞要共担民族大义，坚定不移推动祖国和平统一进程，共同创造所有中国人的幸福生活和美好明天。

We will thoroughly implement the policieson our work related to Taiwan, uphold the one-China principle, and safeguardthe 1992 Consensus as our common political foundation. We will protect China’ssovereignty and territorial integrity, maintain the peaceful growth ofcross-Straits relations, and safeguard peace and stability in the TaiwanStraits. We will resolutely oppose and deter separatist activities for Taiwanindependence. We will never allow any person to separate Taiwan from themotherland in any form or name.

We will continue to advance integratedeconomic and social development between the two sides of the Straits, and makeit more convenient for our fellow countrymen and women in Taiwan, particularlyyoung people, to study, work, and live on the mainland. People on both sides ofthe Taiwan Straits should keep in mind the greater interests of the nation,firmly advance peaceful reunification of China, and jointly create better livesand a bright future for all Chinese.

各位代表！

Esteemed Deputies,

面对世界政治经济格局的深刻变化，中国将始终站在和平稳定一边，站在公道正义一边，做世界和平的建设者、全球发展的贡献者、国际秩序的维护者。我们将坚定不移走和平发展道路，坚决维护多边体制的权威性和有效性，反对各种形式的保护主义，深入参与全球治理进程，引导经济全球化朝着更加包容互惠、公正合理的方向发展。推动构筑总体稳定、均衡发展的大国关系框架，着力营造睦邻互信、共同发展的周边环境，全面提升同发展中国家合作水平，积极提供解决全球性和地区热点问题的建设性方案。加快完善海外权益保护机制和能力建设。我们愿与国际社会一道，致力构建以合作共赢为核心的新型国际关系，为打造人类命运共同体作出新的贡献。

In the face of profound changes in theinternational political and economic landscape, China will always stand on theside of peace and stability, will forever be committed to equity and justice,and will always work for world peace, contribute to global development, anduphold the international order. We will keep to the path of peacefuldevelopment; firmly uphold the authority of the multilateral architecture andsee that it works effectively; oppose protectionism in its different forms;become more involved in global governance; and steer economic globalization tosee it become more inclusive, mutually beneficial, and equitable.

We will contribute to a framework thatensures the overall stability and balanced development of relations betweenmajor countries. We will endeavor to foster a neighboring environment thatenhances mutual trust and common development between China and its neighbors,upgrade cooperation with all other developing countries in all fields, and offerconstructive proposals for addressing global and regional hotspot issues. Wewill intensify efforts to improve our mechanisms and capacity for protectingChina’s rights and interests overseas. China is ready to join hands with theinternational community and build a new type of international relations basedon cooperation and mutual benefit and make new contributions to building acommunity of shared future for all humankind.

各位代表！

Esteemed Deputies,

使命重在担当，实干铸就辉煌。我们要更加紧密地团结在以习近平同志为核心的党中央周围，同心同德，开拓进取，努力完成今年经济社会发展目标任务，为实现“两个一百年”奋斗目标、建设富强民主文明和谐的社会主义现代化国家、实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦而不懈奋斗！

A new historical mission awaits us, andwith hard work we will achieve great success. We will rally even closer aroundthe Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, and work hardwith one mind and an enterprising spirit to fulfill this year’s economic andsocial development tasks and targets. Let us work with tireless dedication toachieve the two centenary goals,4 build China into a modern socialist countrythat is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, and harmonious,and realize the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation.

Notes:

(1) This includes old-age insurance, healthinsurance, unemployment insurance, workers’ compensation, maternity insurance,and housing provident fund schemes.

(2) The model comprises inspections ofrandomly selected entities by randomly selected inspectors and the publicrelease of inspection results.

(3) This refers to making comprehensivemoves to finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects,deepen reform, advance the law-based governance of China, and strengthen Partyself-governance.

(4) This refers to completing the buildingof a moderately prosperous society in all respects by the time the CommunistParty of China celebrates its centenary in 2021 and turning the People’sRepublic of China into a modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong,democratic, culturally advanced, and harmonious by the time it celebrates itscentenary in 2049.